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Tuesday, 24 November 2020

The Devil's Triangle



               Bermuda triangle, also known as the Devil’s Triangle, happens to be one of the most mysterious places on this planet. Located off the Southeastern coast of the US in the Atlantic Ocean, between Bermuda, Florida and Puerto Rico, the region has become the Centre of unresolved mysteries. Tales of lost mariners and disappeared ships, crashed aircraft and even vanishing humans, have been emerging from the waters of the Bermuda Triangle for centuries. The vast area of more than half a million square miles (Some writers gave different boundaries and vertices to the triangle, with the total area varying from 1,300,000 to 3,900,000 km2 ) is also known as the Devil’s Triangle, and theories as to why so many travelers fall foul of its clutches abound. Some say there are magnetic anomalies that throw compasses off course, others that tropical cyclones are to blame, and some say there’s simply no mystery at all! This has led to the production of vast amounts of material on topics such as the Bermuda Triangle. Accordingly, they have claimed that the market is biased in favor of books, TV specials, and other media that support the Triangle mystery.



A large number of aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared under mysterious circumstances. Most reputable sources dismiss the idea that there is any mystery. The legend of the Bermuda Triangle is a manufactured mystery, continued by writers who either purposely or unknowingly made use of misconceptions and faulty reasoning. Most people said lots of concepts according to incidents. Large number of ships and aircraft reported missing in the area than in any other part of the ocean. And there are list of incidents in Bermuda triangle given below link. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bermuda_Triangle_incidents

There are many hypothetical explanation attempts to explain those incidents.

·         Paranormal explanations: Triangle writers have used a number of supernatural concepts to explain the events. One explanation pins the blame on leftover technology from the mythical lost continent of Atlantis. Sometimes connected to the Atlantis story is the submerged rock formation known as the Bimini Road off the island of Bimini in the Bahamas, which is in the Triangle by some definitions.

·         Natural explanations:

1.       Compass problems are one of the cited phrases in many Triangle incidents. While some have theorized that unusual local magnetic anomalies may exist in the area, such anomalies have not been found.

2.       The Gulf Stream is a major surface current, primarily driven by thermohaline circulation that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and then flows through the Straits of Florida into the North Atlantic. In essence, it is a river within an ocean, and, like a river, it can and does carry floating objects. It has a maximum surface velocity of about 2 m/s (6.6 ft/s). A small plane making a water landing or a boat having engine trouble can be carried away from its reported position by the current.

3.       Hurricanes are powerful storms that form in tropical waters and have historically cost thousands of lives and caused billions of dollars in damage. These storms have in the past caused a number of incidents related to the Triangle.

4.       An explanation for some of the disappearances has focused on the presence of large fields of methane hydrates (a form of natural gas) on the continental shelves. Laboratory experiments carried out in Australia have proven that bubbles can, indeed, sink a scale model ship by decreasing the density of the water.

As the accidents, often mysterious, continue to happen in the Bermuda Triangle region, many have offered a number of explanations for the mystery behind them. The role of paranormal activities and the presence of aliens have been strongly suggested by those who believe something odd is happening, while many with scientific view disputed this argument offering rational explanations to the phenomenon. Among the few proposed scientific explanation, the more popular is the theory of electromagnetic interference that causes compass problems. This theory claims that there is a very high pull of the earth’s natural magnet which redirects the compass and other sophisticated equipment, and disallows them to take their intended route through the waters. However, as no single theory could offer a concrete explanation, many still believe there is nothing strange with the region as most of the incidents were inaccurately reported or fictionalized versions of the accidents.


Written by: Malithi Hansika Palliyaguru



 

References:
  • https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/bermudatri.html
  • https://www.britannica.com/place/Bermuda-Triangle

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Monday, 16 November 2020

Marine Algae culture

What are marine algae?

Marine algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms. Generally, they live attached to hard rock and other hard substrate in coastal areas.

 Marine Algae which are considered under seaweeds are mainly divided in to 3 groups;

1.      Red algae (Rhodophyta)



2.      Brown algae (Phaeophyta)



3.       Green algae (Chlorophyta)

Why we culture marine algae? What are the benefits?

Marine algae have the potential to produce biomass and bio fuel which is a renewable resource. Algae can double their population size every few hours, so they can be harvested daily (fast growth).

  Algae consumes CO2

As any other plants, algae consume CO2 and release O2. But for high productivity algae require more CO2. So, it is favorable to the  CObalance of the atmosphere

  Algae can have high biofuel yields

Normally algae store energy in forms of oil and carbohydrates. So. they can produce 2000-5000 gallons of biofuels per acre per year

  Algae purify water

They thrive in nutrient rich waters such as urban waste (sewage), industrial waste, and effluent animal waste. They purify these waste water and produce biomass suitable for biofuel production

  Production of many by products

                 Plastics

                 Chemical feed stocks

                  Lubricants

                 Fertilizers

                 Cosmetics

  Algae culture is a pool of job opportunities 

Methods we use to culture algae

Algae can be produced according to a great variety of methods, from closely controlled laboratory methods to less predictable methods in outdoor tanks. The terminologies used to describe the type of algal culture include:

• Indoor/Outdoor

Indoor culture allows control over illumination, temperature, nutrient level, contamination with predators and competing algae, whereas outdoor algal systems though cheaper, make it very difficult to grow specific algal cultures for extended periods.

• Open/Closed

Open cultures such as uncovered ponds and tanks (indoors or outdoors) are more readily contaminated than closed culture vessels such as tubes, flasks, carboys, bags, etc.

• Axenic (=sterile)/Xenic

Axenic cultures are free of any foreign organisms such as bacteria, but this cultivation is expensive and difficult, because it requires a strict sterilization of all glassware, culture media and vessels to avoid contamination. These constraints make it impractical (and very expensive) for commercial operations. On the other hand, non-axenic or xenic cultivation, though cheaper and less laborious, are more prone to crash, less predictable, and often of inconsistent quality.

• Batch, Continuous, and Semi-Continuous

These are the three basic types of algal culture which will be described in the following sections. The next table summarizes the major advantages and disadvantages of the various algal culture techniques.

BATCH CULTURES

The most common culture system is the batch culture, due to its simplicity and low cost. The batch culture consists of a single inoculation of cells into a container of fertilized seawater followed by a growing period of several days and finally harvesting when the algal population reaches its maximum or near-maximum density. 

This is a closed system, volume-limited, in which there is no input or output of materials, that is, and resources are finite. The algal population cell density increases constantly, whereas other nutrient components of the culture medium decrease over time until the exhaustion of some limiting factor. Any products produced by the cells during growth also increase in concentration in the culture medium. 

Once the resources have been utilized by the cells, the cultures die unless supplied with new medium. In practice this is done by sub culturing, that is, transferring a small volume of existing culture to a large volume of fresh culture medium at regular intervals prior to reaching the stationary phase and the larger culture volumes are then brought to a maximum density and harvested.

Batch culture systems are widely applied because of their;

• Simplicity and flexibility

• Allowing to change species

• To remedy defects in the system rapidly

Although often considered as the most reliable method, batch culture is not necessarily the most efficient method.

Disadvantages

• Batch cultures are harvested just prior to the initiation of the stationary phase and must thus always be maintained for a substantial period of time.

• The quality of the harvested cells may be less predictable than that in continuous systems and for example vary with the timing of the harvest.

• Another disadvantage is the need to prevent contamination during the initial inoculation and early growth period. Because the density of the desired phytoplankton is low and the concentration of nutrients is high, any contaminant with a faster growth rate is capable of outgrowing the culture.

• Batch cultures also require a lot of labor to harvest, clean, sterilize, refill, and inoculate the containers.

Continuous culture

The continuous culture method, (i.e. a culture in which a supply of fertilized seawater is continuously pumped into a growth chamber and the excess culture is simultaneously washed out), permits the maintenance of cultures very close to the maximum growth rate. Two categories of continuous cultures can be distinguished:

• Turbid stat culture, in which the algal concentration is kept at a preset level by diluting the culture with fresh medium by means of an automatic system.

• Chemo stat culture, in which a flow of fresh medium is introduced into the culture at a steady, predetermined rate. The latter adds a limiting vital nutrient (e.g. nitrate) at a fixed rate and in this way the growth rate and not the cell density is kept constant.

The disadvantages of the continuous system are its relatively high cost and complexity. The requirements for constant illumination and temperature mostly restrict continuous systems to indoors and this is only feasible for relatively small production scales. However, continuous cultures have the advantage of producing algae of more predictable quality. Furthermore, they are amenable to technological control and automation, which in turn increases the reliability of the system and reduces the need for labor.

Written by: W.K.N. Shyamini





References:

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Monday, 9 November 2020

Golden Cave Catfish

Golden Cave Catfish (Clarias cavernicola)
Source: 
https://alchetron.com

The Golden Cave Catfish (Clarias cavernicola) are only found in Aigumas Cave, North Otavi, Namibia. They live in the underground caves in complete darkness. These caves are much deeper, that even with the 90 m dive, the divers couldn't find the bottom of these caves. Despite of the depth of these caves, this Golden Cave Catfish live in the water column up to 15 m depth. 

Two professional divers preparing to descend to 40 m to start the visual count survey for Clarias
cavernicola.

Source: Jacobs et al., 2019

These Golden Cave Catfish are lack of their natural dark colour pigmentation which makes their colour as  Gold. They usually grow up to about 17 cm long.  They have small eyes but they are covered with skin, which makes them blind. The female usually produce 50 eggs and their fertilization is external. 

Golden Cave Catfish (Clarias cavernicola)
Source: 
esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com

They feed on the invertebrates, falling insects and guano from bats. They live in the water column about 15 m depth range where they can feed on the available feed, which makes them vulnerable for the changes of ground water level. 

The researches estimated that there are only 150-200 individuals in the Golden Cave Catfish population. This extremely rare Catfish species are endangered restricted only to Aigumas Cave, North Otavi, Namibia. 


Written by : Isuru Umesha




Sources:

Jacobs, F., Hay, C., Jacobs, G. and NÃĻsje, T.F. 2019. A baseline study of
the critically endangered cave-dwelling catfish
Clarias cavernicola in
Namibia. Report no. MFMR-RIIWS1-2019-06-30.

www.fishbase.se

www.conservationnamibia.com

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Monday, 2 November 2020

āļ¸ාāļ­ෘāļ­්āˇ€āļē āļŊāļļāļą āļ…āļ´ූāļģු āļ´ිāļēāˇ€āļģු - āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēෝ

 

āļ¸āˇ„ āˇƒāļēුāļģේ āļ†āļšāļģ්āˇāļąීāļēāļ­්āˇ€āļē āļ”āļ´ āļąැංāˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¯ාāļēāļšāˇ€āļą āļŊොāˇ€ āˇƒුāˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ී āˇƒāļ­්āļ­්āˇ€ āļšොāļ§්āļ§āˇāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēāļą් (Sea horse) āļąැāļ­්āļąāļ¸් āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļšāˇ€ Hippocampus sp. āļēāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āˇ„ැāļ¯ිāļą්āˇ€ිāļē āˇ„ැāļšිāļēි. āļœොāļŠāļļිāļ¸ේ āˇ€ෙāˇƒෙāļą āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēāļą් āļœේ āˇ„ිāˇƒāļ§ āļļෙāˇ„ෙāˇ€ිāļą් āˇƒāļ¸ාāļą āˇ€ූ āˇ„ිāˇƒāļš්‌ āļ‡āļ­ි āļļැāˇ€ිāļą් āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ´ූāļģු āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļēāļēා āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēා āļēāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āˇ„āļŗුāļą්āˇ€āļąු āļŊැāļļේ. āļšැāļą්āļœāļģුāˇ€āļšු āļœේ āļ‹āļ¯āļģ āļ´ෙāļ¯ෙāˇƒේ āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļ§ා āļ‡āļ­ි āļ´ැāˇƒāļš්‌ āļļāļŗු āļ…āˇ€āļēāˇ€āļēāļš්‌ āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€ āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ි āˇƒāļ­ා āļœේ āļ‹āļ¯āļģ āļ´ෙāļ¯ෙāˇƒේ āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļ§ා āļ­ිāļļේ. āļ¸ේ āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ‰ංāļœ්‍āļģීāˇƒිāļēෙāļą් Brood pouch āļēāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āˇ„ැāļŗිāļą්āˇ€ෙāļēි. āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ…āļ´්‍āļģිāļšාāˇ€ේ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€āļą āļ¸āļšුāˇ…ු āˇ€āļŗුāļģāļą් (Spider monkey) āļœේ āļēāļ¸āļš්‌ āļ…āļŊ්āļŊා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļ¯ිāļœු āˇ€āļŊිāļœāļē āˇ€ැāļąි āˇ€āļŊිāļœāļēāļš්‌ āˇ„ෙāˇ€āļ­් āļ´āļģිāļœ්‍āļģාāˇ„ි āˇ€āļŊිāļœāļēāļš්‌ (Prehensille tall) āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēාāļ§ āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļ§ා āļ­ිāļļීāļ¸ āļ¯ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āˇƒුāˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ී āļŊāļš්‌āˇ‚āļĢāļēāļšි.
  


āļēුāˇ€āˇ…āļš්‌ āļŊෙāˇƒ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´්‍āļģිāļē āļšāļģāļą āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēිāļą්āļ§ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€āļą āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļē āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āˇāļģීāļģ āˇ€āļģ්āļĢāļē āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්‌ āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸ේ āˇ„ැāļšිāļēාāˇ€āļš්‌ āļ¯ āļ‡āļ­. āļ’ āˇƒāļ­ුāļģāļą් āļœෙāļą් āļļේāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļą්āļąා āļ‹āļ´āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļšි. āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēāļšු āļœේ āˇ„ිāˇƒ āˇ„ා āˇƒāļ¸ාāļą āˇ€ූ āˇ„ිāˇƒāļš්‌ āļ‡āļ­āļ­් āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēāļą් āļœේ āˇ„ොāļ¸්āļļ āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļ¸ුāļ›āļē āļ‡āļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ා āˇ€ැāˇƒීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļšිāļēාāˇ€āļš්‌ āļąැāļ­. āļ¸ුāļ›āļē āļąāˇ…āļēāļš āļ†āļšාāļģāļē āļœāļąී. āļ‹āļœුāļģ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļēේ āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļ§ි āļšොāļ§āˇƒ āļ´්‍āļģāˇƒාāļģāļĢāļē āļšāļģ āļšāļ§ āļ­ුāˇ…āļ§ āļĸāļŊāļē āļŊāļļා āļœāļąී.

                    
āļ¸ෙāˇƒේ āļŊāļļාāļœāļą්āļąා āļĸāļŊāļēේ āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āļšුāļŠා āļšāļšුāˇ…ුāˇ€āļą්, āļ‰āˇƒ්āˇƒāļą් āˇ„ා āļ´්āļŊāˇ€ාංāļœ āˇ€ැāļąි āļšුāļŠා āļĸීāˇ€ීāļą් āļ†āˇ„ාāļģāļēāļ§ āļœāļąී. āˇƒāļ­ුāļģāļą්āļœෙāļą් āļ†āļģāļš්āˇා āˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„ා āˇƒ්āˇ€āļˇාāļ¯āˇ„āļ¸ිāļą් āļ¯ාāļēාāļ¯ āˇ€ූ āļ‘āļšāˇ€āļģ āļ¯ෙāļ´āˇƒāļ§ āˇ„ැāļģāˇ€ිāļē āˇ„ැāļšි āļ‡āˇƒ්‌ āļ¯ෙāļšāļš්‌ āļ‡āļ­. āļąොāˇ„ැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ේ āˇ€ිāˇ€ේāļšීāˇ€ āˇƒිāļ§ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļ´්‍āļģිāļē āļšāļģāļą āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēāļą් āˇƒිāļē āˇ€āļŊිāļœāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ­ෘāļĢ āļœāˇƒāļš්‌ āˇ„ෝ āļšොāļģāļŊ් āļ´āļģāļēāļš āļšොāļģāļŊ් āˇාāļšāļēāļš්‌ āļ…āļŊ්āļŊාāļœෙāļą āˇƒිāļ§ීāļ¸ āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļē āļ āļģ්āļēාāˇ€āļšි.

       āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒ් āļ‡āļœිāļŊි āˇƒāļŊāļšුāļą āļ‘āļšිāļąෙāļšාāļœෙāļą් āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්āˇ€āļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļēāļ§āļ¸ āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēāļą්āļœේ āˇ„ිāˇƒ āļ´ෙāļ¯ෙāˇƒේ āļ”āļ§ුāļą්āļąāļš්‌ āļ†āļšාāļģāļēāļ§ āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļ§ි āļąෙāļģීāļ¸් āˇƒāļ­ා āļœෙāļą් āˇƒāļ­ාāļ§ āļ‘āļšිāļąෙāļšāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්‌ āˇ€ෙāļēි. āļąිāļ¯āˇƒුāļąāļš්‌ āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ‘āļš āļ¸ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļēāļšāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēāļą් āļšීāļ´ āļ¯ෙāļąāļšු āļœැāļą āˇ€ිāļ¸āˇƒීāļ¸āļš්‌ āļšāˇ… āˇ„ොāļ­් āļ¸ේ āļšිāˇ„ිāļ´ āļ¯ෙāļąා āļœේ āˇ„ිāˇƒේ āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļąෙāļģීāļ¸් āļ‘āļšිāļąෙāļšāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්‌ āˇ€ෙāļēි. āļ‘āļąāļ¸් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļŊāļš්‌āˇ‚āļĢāļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļē āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āˇ„ා āˇƒāļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēාāļ§ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ¯ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ්‌ āˇ€āļą āļļāˇ€āļš්‌ āļ¯āļš්‌āļąāļ§ āļŊැāļļේ. āļ¸ේ āļŊāļš්‌āˇ‚āļĢāļē āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēāļą් āļ‘āļšිāļąෙāļšා āˇ€ෙāļą් āļšāļģ āˇ„āļŗුāļąා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒොāļļාāļ¯āˇ„āļ¸ෙāļą් āļŊැāļļී āļ‡āļ­ි āˇƒāļŊāļšුāļĢāļšි.āˇāļģීāļģāļēේ āļšොāļģāļ´ොāļ­ු āļąැāļ­āļ­් āļ…āˇƒ්‌āļŽිāļ¸āļē āļšāˇ€āļ āļēāļšිāļą් āˇāļģීāļģāļē āˇ€ැāˇƒී āļ‡āļ­.

         āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļ¸ාāļ­ෘāļ­්āˇ€āļē āļšාāļą්āļ­ාāˇ€āļą්āļ§ āļ´āļ¸āļąāļš් āļ´ොāļ¯ු āˇ€ුāˇ€āļ­් āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēිāļą්āļœේ āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ි āˇƒāļ­ා āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļ¸ාāļ­ෘāļ­්āˇ€āļēේ āˇ€āļœāļšීāļ¸් āļ‰āļ§ුāļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļēි. āļœැāˇ„ැāļąු āˇƒāļ­ා āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ි āˇƒāļ­ා āļœේ āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ­ුāˇ… āļļිāļĸු āļ­ැāļą්āļ´āļ­් āļšāļģāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¯ී āļļිāļ­්āļ­āļģ āˇƒංāˇƒේāļ āļąāļē āˇ€ෙāļēි. āļļිāļ­්āļ­āļģ āļ¯āļ¸ා āļ¯ිāļą 12āļš්‌ āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļœāļ­ āˇ€ූ āļ´āˇƒු āļļිāˇ„ි āˇ€āļą āļ´ැāļ§āˇ€ුāļą් āˇƒංāļ›්‍āļēාāˇ€ෙāļą් āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ° āˇ€ෙāļēි. āˇƒොāļēාāļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļą්āļ¯āļ¸āļ§ āˇ€āļģāļšāļ§āļ´ැāļ§āˇ€ුāļą් 100āļ­් 200āļ­් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš්‌ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āˇ€āļģāļšāļ§ āļ´ැāļ§āˇ€ුāļą් 5 āļ¯ෙāļąāļšු āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļļිāˇ„ි āļšāļģāļąāˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ āļ¯ āļ‡āļ­. āļœැāˇ„ැāļąු āˇƒāļ­ා āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ි āˇƒāļ­ා āļœේ āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ­ුāˇ… āļļිāļ­්āļ­āļģ āļ­ැāļą්āļ´āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒු āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ි āˇƒāļ­ා āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ´ුāļ¸්āļļාāļœෙāļą āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļēāļš්‌ āļ´ෙāļą්āļąුāļ¸් āļšāļģāļēි.

āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ¯ී āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšෙāļģෙāļą්āļąේ āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ­ුāˇ…āļ§ āļĸāļŊāļē āļŊāļļාāļœෙāļą āļļිāļ­්āļ­āļģ āˇƒංāˇƒේāļ āļąāļēāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ”āļš්‌āˇƒිāļĸāļą් āˇƒāļ´āļēා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āļē. āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ¯ී āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ි āˇƒāļ­ා āˇ€āļŊිāļœāļēෙāļą් āˇƒිāļē āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ැāļ¯ීāļ¸āļš්‌ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšāļģāļēි. āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ැāļ¯ීāļ¸ේ āļ¯ී āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ­ුāˇ… āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļĸāļŊāļē āļ´ිāļ§āļ­āļ§ āļœොāˇƒ්‌ āļ…āļŊුāļ­් āļĸāļŊāļē āļąැāˇ€āļ­āļ­් āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ­ුāˇ…āļ§ āļ´ිāļģෙāļēි āļ¸ෙāļąිāˇƒා āļļිāļ­්āļ­āļģ āļ¸ේāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āˇ€āˇ්‍āļē āļ”āļš්‌āˇƒිāļĸāļą් āļąිāļ­āļģ āļ¸ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´ිāļģිāˇƒිāļ¯ු āļ…āļŊුāļ­් āļĸāļŊāļē āļ¯ āļŊැāļļෙāļēි.

āļ¸ෙāļē āļļිāļ­්āļ­āļģ āļąāļģāļš්‌ āļąො āˇ€ී āļ­āļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු āˇ€ෙāļēි. āļļිāˇ„ි āˇ€ූ āļ´ැāļ§āˇ€ු āļ¯ිāļą āļ¯ෙāļšāļš්‌ āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ´ැāˇƒ āļ­ුāˇ… āˇƒිāļ§ āļ´ිāļ§āļ­āļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢෙāļ­ි. āļ´ිāļ§āļ­āļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢෙāļą āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€ āļ´ැāļ§āˇ€ු āļ‹āļą් āļœේ āˇ€āļŊිāļœāļēෙāļą් āļšිāˇƒිāļēāļ¸් āļ¯ෙāļēāļš්‌ āˇ„ෙāˇ€āļ­් āļ‹āļ´āˇƒ්‌āļŽāļģāļēāļš්‌ āļ…āļŊ්āļŊා āļœāļąිāļ­ි. āļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ¯ී āļ¯āļš්‌āļąāļ§ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āˇƒුāˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ී āļ¯ෙāļēāļš්‌ āļąāļ¸් āļ¸āˇ€ුāļ´ිāļēāļą් āļ´ැāļ§āˇ€ුāļą් āļģැāļšāļļāļŊා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļš්‌ āļąො āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļē. āļ¸ේ āļąිāˇƒා āļ‹āļą් āˇƒāļ­ුāļģāļą්āļ§ āļœොāļ¯ුāļģු āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āˇ„ැāļšිāļēාāˇ€ āˇ€ැāļŠි āļē.

     āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āˇƒුāˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ී āļŊāļš්‌āˇ‚āļĢāļēāļš්‌ āļąāļ¸් āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ේ āˇ€ෙāˇƒෙāļą āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļēāļēāļą් āļšෘāļ­්‍āļģිāļ¸āˇ€ āļ…āļˇිāļĸāļąāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ„ෙāˇ€āļ­් āˇƒ්‌āˇ€ාāļˇාāˇ€ිāļš āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļēෙāļą් āļļැāˇ„ැāļģ āˇ€ āļ…āļˇිāļĸāļąāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ…āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු āļ¯ෙāļēāļš්‌ āˇ€ුāˇ€āļ­් āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēිāļą් āļšෘāļ­්‍āļģීāļ¸āˇ€ āļ…āļˇිāļĸāļąāļą āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļ­ි āˇ„ැāļšිāļēාāˇ€āļēි.

     āļ´ොāļ¯ුāˇ€ේ āļœāļ­් āļšāļŊ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ¸ āˇƒෙāļ¸ිāļą් āˇƒිāļģāˇƒ්‌āˇ€ āļšෙāˇ…ිāļą් āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļąා āļēැāļ¸ේ āļģāļ§ාāˇ€āļš්‌ āļ…āļąුāļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēāļą් āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļąා āļēැāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´ෘāˇ‚්āļ¨ීāļē āˇ€āļģāļŊ (Dorsal fin) āļ¯, āˇāļģීāļģāļē āˇ„ැāļģāˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇƒුāļš්‌āļšාāļąāļ¸āļš්‌ āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ‡āˇƒ්‌ āļ¯ෙāļ´āˇƒ āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļ§ා āļ‡āļ­ි āˇ…āļē āˇ€āļģāļŊ (Pectoral fin) āļ¯ āļēොāļ¯ා āļœāļąිāļ­ි. āˇ€ෙāļąāļ­් āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´ෞāļ ්āļĄ āˇ€āļģāļŊāļš්‌ (Caudal fin) āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļąිāˇƒා āˇ€ේāļœāˇ€āļ­්āˇ€ āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļąා āļēැāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු āļē. āļ‘āļļැāˇ€ිāļą් āˇƒāļ­ුāļģāļą්āļ§ āļœොāļ¯ුāļģු āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ­්, āļšුāļĢාāļ§ුāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļœāˇƒාāļœෙāļą āļēැāļ¸āļ­් āļ¸ොāˇ€ුāļą් āˇ€ිāļąාāˇ āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļļāļŊāļ´ාāļą āˇƒ්‌āˇ€ාāļˇාāˇ€ිāļš āˇ„ේāļ­ු āˇ€ෙāļēි.

    āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēා āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļ­ුāļģු āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļēāļēāļšු āļŊෙāˇƒāļ­්, āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ° āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ āļ–āˇ‚āļ° āļ´ිāļĢිāˇƒāļ­් āļ´්‍āļģāļēෝāļĸāļąāļēāļ§ āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇ„ා āļ†āˇ„ාāļģāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļēොāļ¯ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āļąිāˇƒා āˇƒāˇ„ āļšෘāļ­්‍āļģීāļ¸ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļēāļš āļ…āļˇිāļĸāļąāļąāļē āļšāˇ… āˇ„ැāļšි āˇ€ීāļ¸, āļ§ැංāļšිāˇ€āļŊ āļ‡āļ­ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļ­ි āˇ„ැāļšිāļēාāˇ€ āˇ„ේāļ­ුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ¸ිāļŊāļšāļ§ āˇ€ෙāˇ…ෙāļŗāļ´ොāˇ…ේ āˇ€ිāļšිāļĢෙāļą āļļāˇ€āļ§ āļšāļģුāļĢු āˇ„ෙāˇ…ි āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­. āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļąāļēෙāļą් āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļļāļģිāļą්āļ¯ āļšුāļŠා āļĸීāˇ€ීāļą āˇ€āļą āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€āļēāļą් āļšිāļŊෝ āļ‘āļšāļš āļļāļģāļš් āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„ා āˇ„ාāļģāˇƒීāļēāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļą āļĸීāˇ€ීāļą් āļąිāļģāļ´āļģාāļ¯ේ āļාāļ­āļąāļē āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļēි.āļļොāˇ„ෝ āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊ් āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ…āˇ්āˇ€ āļ…āļ´āļąāļēāļąāļē āļ­āˇ„āļąāļ¸් āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­āļ­් āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ¸ේ āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ‘āˇ€āļą් āļ­ීāļģāļĢāļēāļšāļ§ āļ‘āˇ…āļšී āļąැāļ­. āļ‘āļļැāˇ€ිāļą් āļ¸ේ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļąීāļ­ි āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļē āˇ€ිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļē.

Written by: K.S.D. Gunathilaka





References

https://www.britannica.com/animal/sea-horse

http://www.vidusara.com/2009/10/28/feature1.html
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