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Saturday 31 July 2021

āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšāļŊාāļ´

1982 āļ¯ී āļ†āļ ාāļģ්āļē āļģāļąිāļŊ් āˇƒේāļąාāļąාāļēāļš āˇ„ා āļ¸āˇ„ාāļ ාāļģ්āļē āļ´ීāļ§āļģ්.āļļි.āļ¸ොāļēිāļŊ් āļēāļą āˇ€ිāļ¯්āˇ€āļ­ුāļą් āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšāļŊාāļ´ 4āļšāļ§ āļļෙāļ¯ා āˇ€ෙāļą් āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļුāļąි. āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ­ුāļŊිāļą් āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ āˇƒංāļ›්‍āļēාāˇ€ āˇ„ා āļ”āˇ€ුāļą්āļœේ āļ´āļģිāļĢාāļ¸ීāļē āļļāļą්āļ°ුāļ­ාāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€āļģ්āļœීීāļšāļģāļĢāļē āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´ාāļ¯āļš āļšāļģāļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇ€ෙāļą් āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āˇ€āļąුāļēේ,


01.āļąිāļģිāļ­ āļ¯ිāļœ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē (South Western Province)
02.āˇ€ිāļēāˇ…ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē (Dry Zone Province)
03.āļ…āļ­āļģāļ¸ැāļ¯ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē(Transition Province)
04.āļ¸āˇ„āˇ€ැāļŊි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē (Mahaweli Province)

01.āļąිāļģිāļ­ āļ¯ිāļœ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē

āļ¸ෙāļē āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් āˇ€ැāļ¯āļœāļ­්āļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļēි.āļ…āļ­්āļ­āļąāļœāļŊු āļąිāļ¸්āļąāļē āļ‡āļ­ුāˇ…ුāˇ€ āļ´ිāˇ…ිāˇ€ෙāļŊිāļą්,āļ¯āļšුāļĢු āļ¯ිāļœිāļą් āļšැāˇ…āļĢි,āļšāˇ…ු,āļœිං,āļąිāļŊ්āˇ€āļŊා āļēāļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļœංāļœා āˇƒāˇ„ āļšුāļŠා āļœංāļœා āļąිāļ¸්āļą āˇ€āļŊිāļą් āˇƒāļ¸āļą්āˇ€ිāļ­ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļē āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āˇ€ේ. āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ 27āļš් āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊāļ­්āˇ€ āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ 59āļš් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēෙāļą් āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­,āļ‰āļą් 22āļš් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ 22 āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් 20āļš්  āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ේ.

āļ‹āļ¯ා:-
                    
Aplochellus dayi(āļ‹āļŠ āˇ„āļŗāļēා) 


Puntius titteya(āļŊේ āļ­ිāļ­්āļ­āļēා)



02.āˇ€ිāļēāˇ…ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ¸āˇ„āˇ€ැāļŊි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļšොāļ§āˇƒ් 2āļšāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļą්āˇ€ෙāļēි.

 • āļœිāļĢිāļšොāļą āļ¯ිāļœ āˇ€ිāļēāˇ…ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē
 • āļ‹āļ­ුāļģු āˇ„ා āˇ€āļēāļš āˇ€ිāļēāˇ…ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē

āļąිāļģිāļ­ āļ¯ිāļœ āˇ„ා āļ¸āˇ„āˇ€ැāļŊි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āļœංāļœා āļ¯්‍āļģෝāļĢි āˇ„ැāļģ āˇ€ිāļēāˇ…ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ­ුāļŊ āļœāļŊāļąා āˇƒිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ āļœංāļœා āļ¯්‍āļģෝāļĢි āˇ€ේ.āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēෙāļą් āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ 37āļš් āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‰āļą් 5āļš්  āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ේ.
āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ 37 āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් āļ‘āļšāļŗු āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļēāļš් āˇ€āļ­් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āļąොāˇ€ේ.āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļļොāˇ„ෝ āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāļąු āļ…āļģ්āļ°āļ¯්āˇ€ීāļ´āļēෙāļą්āļ¯ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´āļģිāļĢාāļ¸ීāļēāˇ€ āļ‰āļ­ා āˇƒāļ¸ීāļ´ āļļāļą්āļ°ුāļ­ාāˇ€āļš් āļ¯āļš්āˇ€āļēි.

āļ‹āļ¯ා:-
               
Mystus gulio (āļ¸ාāļą āļ…ංāļšුāļ§්āļ§ා/āļ…āļŸුāļŊුāˇ€ා)    


  Mystus cavasius (āļ´āļ­් āļ…ංāļšුāļ§්āļ§ා)


 
03.āļ…āļ­āļģāļ¸ැāļ¯ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē

āļ­āļ¯ āļļෑāˇ€ුāļ¸් āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļ¯ෙāˇ€āļą āļ…āļŠāļ­ැāļą්āļąāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āļ¸āļ°්‍āļēāļ¸ āļšāļŗුāļšāļģāļēේ āļļෑāˇ€ුāļ¸් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āˇ€ේ. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļēේ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ‡āļ­ැāļ¸් āļ¯ිāļē āļ´āˇ„āļģ āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ 03āļš් āļ‹āļ´āļēෝāļœී āļšāļģāļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් āļ´āļģ්āļēේāˇ‚āļĢ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ āˇ„āļŗුāļą්āˇ€ාāļ¯ීāļ¸් āļšිāˇ„ිāļ´āļēāļš් āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļĸāļŊ āļ´්‍āļģāˇ€ාāˇ„āļēāļą්āļœේ āˇ€ේāļœāˇ€āļ­් āļļāˇ€ āˇ„ේāļ­ුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ āļģāļŗා āļ´ැāˇ€āļ­ීāļ¸ේ  āˇ„ැāļšිāļēාāˇ€ āļ…āļŠු āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­.

āļ‹āļ¯ා:-

Xiptrophorus hellerii (āˇƒෝāˇ€ෝāļŠි āļ§ේāļŊ්/āļšāļŠු āļ´āˇ„āļģා) 



Poecilla reticulata(āˇ€ෙāļŊ් āļœāļ´්āļ´ි)



04.āļ¸āˇ„āˇ€ැāļŊි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē

āļąිāļģිāļ­ āļ¯ිāļœ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ´āˇƒුāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āˇ€ැāļ¯āļœāļ­්āļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇ„āļŗුāļą්āˇ€āļēි.āļ¯ුāļ¸්āļļāļģ āˇ„ා āļ¸āļ°්‍āļēāļ¸ āļšāļŗුāļšāļģāļēේ āˇƒිāļ§ āļ­්‍āļģිāļšුāļĢාāļ¸āļŊāļē āļ¯āļš්āˇ€ා āˇ€ු āļ¸āˇ„āˇ€ැāļŊි āļąāļ¯ී āļąිāļ¸්āļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļē āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āˇ€ේ. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēෙāļą් āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ 44āļš් āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļ‰āļą් 11āļš් āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ේ. āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ 11 āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් 5āļš් āļ¯ැāļšිāļē āˇ„ැāļš්āļšේ āļ¸āˇ„āˇ€ැāļŊි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļ´āļ¸āļĢි.

āļ‹āļ¯ා:-
    
Belontia signata(āļ­āļŊ්āļšොāˇƒ්āˇƒා)



Puntius srilankensis (āļ¯ංāļšුāļŠ āļ´ෙāļ­ිāļēා)



                         




 

āļģāļ āļąāļē:āˇƒංāļ¯ීāļ´āļąී āļ´āļ­ිāļģāļĢāļœේ

āļ¸ූāļŊාāˇ්‍āļģ: āļœුāļĢāļ­ිāļŊāļš āļ‘āˇƒ්.(2007)āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āļ¸ිāļģිāļ¯ිāļē āļ¸āˇƒුāļą්-āļĸෛāˇ€ āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ°āļ­්āˇ€ āļŊේāļ›āļ¸් āļšාāļģ්āļēාāļŊāļē-āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģ āˇ„ා āˇƒ්āˇ€āļˇාāˇ€ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēාංāˇāļē​.
 


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Sunday 25 July 2021

Simple steps that can be taken to reduce the damage caused by the accidented container ship, MV X-press pearl

 

 The brand-new Container ship, MV X-press pearl caught fire off the cost of Colombo on 20th of May, and it was engulfed in flames by 27 May. After burning for 12 days, the vessel sank on 2nd June. This navel accident caused a massive damage on Sri Lankan coastal line, marine habitat and its bio diversity, marine fisheries, as well as the entire atmosphere due to smoke from the fire.

 This ship was carrying 1486 containers including 81 containers with toxic chemicals, 25 tons of nitric acid and 78 tons of plastic pellets. Due to fire, some of them were destroyed, while some fell in to the ocean. However, almost a month has passed, now the memory of the tragedy is disappearing from our minds as well as beach cleaning using primitive mechanisms also almost over. However still dead bodies of fishes and turtles are washing up to the beach as well as some debris from the ship. Practically we can’t clean the ocean water, because due to its volume, it is not practical. But it is possible to clean the beach and ocean surface in case of oil spill.

For beach cleaning, we can use modern beach cleaning machines, which are more effective from labor and time consuming.


A modern beach cleaning machine





The basic mechanism



Removing oil spills from open ocean.

 

The floating barriers as below are used to prevent oil spreading on water. Then using a pump or surface skimmer, this oil can be removed.





Written by : W.M.P. Manukularathne 

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Wednesday 21 July 2021

Alongshore webinar series ; Webinar #2

āˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļą āļšාāļģ්āļ¸ිāļš āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļ…āˇ„ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸ āļĸāļŊ āļ¯ූāˇ‚āļĢāļē āˇ„āļģāˇ„ා āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļąිāļģāļą්āļ­āļģāļēෙāļą් āļ…āļ­්āˇ€ිāļŗීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸ේ āļ´ිāˇ…ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ…āļ´ āˇƒැāˇ€ොāļ¸ āļ¯ැāļąුāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļšාāļŊāļē āļ‘āˇ…āļšී āļ‡āļ­.

āˇ්‍āļģී āļĸāļēāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļ´ුāļģ āˇ€ිāˇ්āˇ€āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊāļēේ āļĸāļŊāļĸ āļĸීāˇ€ āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēා āˇිāˇ‚්‍āļē āˇƒංāļœāļ¸āļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āˇƒංāˇ€ිāļ°ාāļąāļē āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āˇƒāļ¸්āļ¸āļą්āļ­්‍āļģāļĢ āļ¸ාāļŊාāˇ€ "Alongshore", āļ‘āˇ„ි āļ¯ෙāˇ€āļą āļ´ිāļēāˇ€āļģ āļ­āļļāļ¸ිāļą් "āļĸāļŊāļĸ āļĸීāˇ€ීāļą් āļ¸āļ­ āļ†āļœāļą්āļ­ුāļš āļģāˇƒාāļēāļąිāļš āˇƒංāļēෝāļœ āˇ€āļŊ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸" āļēāļ§āļ­ේ āˇ„āļģāˇ€āļ­්, āˇ€ිāļ¯්āˇ€āļ­් āļ’ āˇ€āļœේāļ¸ āļģāˇƒāˇ€āļ­් āļšāļ­ිāļšාāˇ€āļ­āļš් āļœොāļŠāļąāļœāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇƒිāļēāļŊ්āļŊ āˇƒූāļ¯ාāļąāļ¸් āļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļේ.

āļ¸ෙāˇ€āļģ āˇƒාāļšāļ ්āļĄාāˇ€ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„ා āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ¯ාāļēāļšāļ­්āˇ€āļē, āˇ්‍āļģී āļĸāļēāˇ€āļģ්āļ°āļąāļ´ුāļģ āˇ€ිāˇ්āˇ€ āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊāļēේ āˇƒāļ­්āļ­්āˇ€ āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēා āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļąාංāˇāļēේ āļĸ්‍āļēෙāˇ‚්āļ¨ āļ¸āˇ„ාāļ ාāļģ්āļē āļ´āļ­්āļ¸āļŊාāļŊ් āļ¸ාāļąāļœේ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­ාāļēි.

āļ¯ිāļąāļē      -āļĸූāļŊි āļ¸āˇƒ 29 āˇ€āļą āļļ්‍āļģāˇ„āˇƒ්āļ´āļ­ිāļą්āļ¯ා 

āˇ€ේāļŊාāˇ€ - āļ´āˇƒ්āˇ€āļģු 5 āˇƒිāļ§ 6 āļ¯āļš්āˇ€ා 

āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāļœāļ­ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļą් āļ”āˇƒ්āˇƒේ ZOOM āļ­ාāļš්āˇ‚āļĢāļē āˇ„āļģāˇ„ා āļ”āļļāļ§āļ­් āļ¸ේ āļ…āļœāļąා āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽාāˇ€ āˇƒāļ¸āļŸ āļ…āļ´ āˇ„ා āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļš.

āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āˇƒāļļැāļŗිāļē āˇ„āļģāˇ„ා āļ”āļļāļ§ āļ‘āļ¯ිāļą āˇƒාāļšāļ ්āļĄාāˇ€āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇ€ිāļē āˇ„ැāļš.


https://learn.zoom.us/j/61500092888?pwd=WGdLdC9mTTJZTXBlTitYUDNhaE1Ldz09


Meeting ID - 615 0009 2888

Passcode   - .QanH7RR



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Friday 16 July 2021

āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēා āļ…āļˇිāļēෝāļœ āļ¸ැāļ¯ිāļą් āˇƒිāļēāˇ€āˇƒ් āļ­ුāļąāļšāļ§


āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ āļ¯ූāļ´āļ­් āļģාāļĸ්‍āļēāļēāļš් āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ¸āˇ„ා āˇƒාāļœāļģāļēāļšāļ§ āļ‹āļģුāļ¸āļšāļ¸් āļšිāļēāļą āļģāļ§āļšි. āļ’ āˇƒාāļœāļģ āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­ āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēāļ§ āļ¸ං āļ´ාāļ¯āļą්āļąāļšි. āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļ´්‍āļģāļˇේāļ¯ āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļē āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ූ āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļš , āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļš āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļšි. āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļē āļ‡āļ¸āļš් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ිāˇ€ āļļිāļŊීāļļාāļą āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļēි.


 āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēේ āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇāļē 

āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļ‰āļ­ිāˇ„ාāˇƒāļē āˇ€ිāļ¸āˇƒා āļļāļŊāļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 100-150 āļš āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēāļ§ āļ¯ිāˇ€ āļēāļą්āļąāļšි. āļĸāļą āļ¸ූāļŊාāˇ්‍āļģāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢි ‘āļšāļŊ්āļŊāļą්’ āļąැāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ¸ිāļąිāˇƒ් āļšāļĢ්āļŠාāļēāļ¸āļš් āˇ€ිāˇƒිāļą් āļ¸ාāļ­āļģ āļœාāļą්āļ°ාāļģ āˇ€āļģාāļēේ āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āļšොāļ§ āļ‡āļ­. āļ‰āļą් āļ´āˇƒු āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊාංāļšිāļš āļĸāļąāļēා āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēāļ§ āˇ„ුāļģු āˇ€ූ āļļāˇ€ āļĸāļą āļ¸ූāļŊාāˇ්‍āļģāˇ€āļŊ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āļą් āˇ€ේ.

 

āļļāˇ„ුāļŊāˇ€āļ¸ āļ¯āļš්āļąāļ§ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇ

āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€ේ āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļ´්‍āļģāļĸාāˇ€ āļœැāļą āˇƒැāˇ…āļšීāļ¸ේ āļ¯ී āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēා, āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļ°āļģāļĢීāļē āļ´ැāˇ€ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļ­āˇ„āˇ€ුāļģුāļšāļģāļą්āļąෙāļšු āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇ„ැāļ¯ිāļą්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļąිāˇ€āļģුāļ¯ිāļē. āļœොāļŠāļļිāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļģāˇ…ාāˇƒāļą්āļą āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ­ීāļģāļēෙāļą් āˇ€ැāļŊිāļœāļ¸, āļšāˇ…ුāļšāļą්āļ¯, āļ¸ිāļ¯ිāļœāļ¸, āļ¯ේāļ¯ුāˇ€, āļœොāˇ€ිāļēාāļ´ාāļą, āļ…āˇ„ංāļœāļ¸,āļšāļļāļŊාāļą,āļ…āļģංāļœāļŊ, āļšොāļœ්āļœāļŊ ,āļ¯āļŊāˇ€ැāļŊ්āļŊ, āļēāļą āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāˇ€āļŊ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēා āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€āļą āļ…āļēුāļģු āļ¯ැāļšිāļē āˇ„ැāļšිāļē.

āļ‰āļ­ාāļ¸āļ­් āˇƒුāļą්āļ¯āļģ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ­ුāˇ… āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ෙāļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēා āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸ āļ´āˇ€ා āļ¸āļąāˇƒ්āļšාāļą්āļ­ āļ¯āˇƒුāļąāļš් āļļāˇ€ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāˇ€ේāļ¯ිāļēෝ āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļ­ි. āˇ„ිāļģු āļļැāˇƒāļēāļą āˇƒāļą්āļ°්‍āļēා āļˇාāļœāļēේ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļąිāļģāļ­ āˇ€āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēාāļœේ āļ¯āˇƒුāļą āļšැāļ¸āļģාāļšāļģුāˇ€āļą්āļœේ āļąෙāļ­āļ§ āˇ„āˇƒුāˇ€āļą āļ´ොāļ¯ු āļšැāļ¸āļģා āļšෝāļĢāļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļ¯ැāļš්āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļąිāˇ€ැāļģāļ¯ිāļē.  


āļˇාāˇ€ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļą āļ‹āļ´āļšāļģāļĢ 

āļ‡āļ¸āļš්‌ āļąැāļ­ි āˇ€ āļļිāļŊීāļļාāļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļļිāļŊීāļšāļ§ුāˇ€ āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļąāˇ€ීāļą āļ­ාāļš්‍āˇ‚āļĢāļēෙāļą් āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āļĸāļ´ාāļąāļē, āļ ීāļąāļēāļšොāļģිāļēාāˇ€ āˇ€ැāļąි āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊāļ§āļ­් āļ­āˇ€āļ¸āļ­් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇ€ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļąොāˇ„ැāļšි āˇ€ී āļ­ිāļļේ. āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēෙāˇ„ි āļąිāļģāļ­ āˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļļිāļŊී āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­āļš්, āļļිāļŊී āļšāļ§ුāˇ€āļš්, āˇƒāˇ„ āļģිāļ§āļš් āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļąු āļŊāļļāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘āļ¸ āļ‘āļš් āļ‘āļš් āļ‹āļ´āļšāļģāļĢāļē āˇƒාāļ¯ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēāļą් āļ…āļąුāļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļ”āˇ€ුāļą්āļ§āļ¸ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ුāļĢු āļš්‍āļģāļ¸ āļēි.

 

1. āļļිāļŊී āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­ 

āļļිāļŊී āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­ āˇƒෑāļ¯ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļšිāļ­ුāļŊ් āļŊීāļē āļēි. āļ¸ුāļŊිāļą්āļ¸ āļšිāļ­ුāļŊ් āļœāˇƒ්āˇ€āļŊ āļ…āļ­ු āļšāļŠා āļ’āˇ€ා āļ…āˇ€්āˇ€ේ āˇ€ේāļŊා āļœāļąු āļŊāļļāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‰āļą් āļ…āļąāļ­ුāļģුāˇ€ āļœිāļą්āļ¯āļģිāļą් āļģāļ­්āļšāļģ āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­ āļąැāˇ€ෙāļą āļ…āļēුāļģිāļą් āˇƒāļšāˇƒ් āļšāļģ āļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āļ‹āļ´āļģිāļ¸ āļ¯ිāļœ āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 2āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€āļą āļšිāļ­ුāļŊ් āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­āļ§ āļ…āļ¸ුāļĢāļą āļŊāļĢුāˇ€ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ­ංāļœුāˇƒ් āļąූāļŊ් āļˇාāˇ€ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēේ āļ¯ී āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēිāļą් āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ…āļą්āļąාāˇƒි āļšොāˇ…āļēේ āļšෙāļŗි āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļąු āļŊැāļļුāˇ€ා.

2. āļļිāļŊී āļšāļ§ුāˇ€ 

āļļිāļŊීāļšāļ§ුāˇ€ āˇƒාāļ¯ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ ්āļ ුāˇ€āļš් āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ¯ැāļŊිāļ´ොāļ­්āļ­ āļˇාāˇ€ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා. āļ¯ැāļŊිāļ´ොāļ­්āļ­ āļēāļąුāˇ€ෙāļą් āˇ„āļŗුāļą්āˇ€āļą්āļąේ  āļ¯ැāļŊ්āļŊාāļœේ āļ´ිāļ§ āļ†āˇ€āļģāļĢāļē āļēි. āˇ€ෙāļģāˇ…ේ āļ¯ී āˇƒුāļŊāļˇāˇ€ āˇ„āļ¸ුāˇ€āļą āļ¯ැāļŊිāļ´ොāļ­ු āļ‘āļšāļ­ු āļšāļģāļœāļą්āļąා āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēිāļą් āļ’āˇ€ා āļ¸ිāļģිāļ¯ිāļēෙāļą් āˇƒෝāļ¯ා āˇƒāļ­ි āļ­ුāļąāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ¯ුāļ¸ෙāˇ„ි āļ­āļļා āˇ€ිāļēāˇ…ා āļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āļ‰āļą් āļ…āļąāļ­ුāļģුāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļŊිāļ´ොāļ­්āļ­ āļšුāļŠා āļšැāļļāļŊිāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļšāļ´ා āļ‘āļ¸ āļšුāļŠා āļšැāļļāļŊි āļœāļŊ් āļŊෑāļŊ්āļŊāļš āļ­āļļා āļœිāļą්āļ¯āļģ āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āļģāļ­්āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘āļŊෙāˇƒ āļģāļ­්āļšිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒුāˇ€ āļļිāļŊී āļšāļ§ුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļ…āļ ්āļ ුāˇ€ āˇƒාāļ¯ා āļœāļą්āļąා āļ…āļ­āļģ, āļ‹āļĢු āļšāļģāļœāļ­් āˇƒුāļ¯ු āļŠāļēāļ¸් āļ¯ිāļēāļģāļē āļ…āļ ්āļ ුāˇ€āļ§ āˇ€āļ­්āļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘āļ¸ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāˇ€āļŊිāļē āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļą් āˇ€ී āˇ€ිāļąාāļŠි 5āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļœāļ­āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ…āļ ්āļ ුāˇ€ෙāļą් āļļිāļŊී āļšāļ§ුāˇ€ āļœāļŊāˇ€ා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšිāļēි. 

3. āļģිāļ§ 

āļ¸ුāļŊ් āļēුāļœāļēේ āļ¯ී āļ‡āļŊāˇƒ්āļ§ෝāļąිāļēා āļŊීāļēෙāļą් āˇƒෑāļ¯ූ āļģිāļ§āļš් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļē āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļˇාāˇ€ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļුāˇ€ා. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļąāļē āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļšāļŗුāļģු, āļšāļŠොāļŊ් āˇ€ැāļąි āļŊී āˇ€āļģ්āļœāļēāļšිāļą් āˇƒෑāļ¯ූ āļģිāļ§āļš් āˇ„ෝ āļœැāļŊ්āˇ€āļąāļēිāˇƒ් āļļāļ§āļēāļš් āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āˇ€āļŠාāļ­්āļ¸ āļ…āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු āļšාāļģ්āļēāļē āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļ¸ āļģිāļ§ āļąොāļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ේ āˇƒිāļ§āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļēි.

       


āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēෙāļą් āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āļ…āļŊ්āļŊāļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļē 

āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āˇ€āļŠාāļ­්āļ¸ āˇƒුāļ¯ුāˇƒු āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļšැāˇ…āļšිāļŊි āļģāˇ„ිāļ­ āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ­ීāļģāļē āļēි. āļ¸ුāļŊිāļą්āļ¸ āļ­ිāļēුāļĢු āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ‹āļŊ්āļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļģිāļ§ āļšොāļģāļŊ්āļ´āļģāˇ€āļŊ āļ‡āļ­ි āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļģුāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ­āļļා  āˇƒෙ.āļ¸ී 5-8āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļœැāļšුāļģāļ§ āˇƒිāļ§āˇ€āļąු āļŊāļļāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘āˇ„ි āļ¯ී āļģිāļ§ āļ…āˇ€āļ§ āļœāļŊ්āļ´āļ­ුāļģු āļ­āļļා āˇāļš්āļ­ිāļ¸āļ­්āˇ€ āˇƒāˇ€ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘āļ¸ āļģිāļ§ෙāˇ„ි āļ´ොāļ­්āļ­ āļąොāļœāļŊāˇ€ා āˇƒāˇ€ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēāļą් āļ´ුāļģුāļ¯ු āˇ€ී āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą්āļąේ āļģිāļ§ෙāˇ„ි āļ¯ිāļē āˇƒෙāˇ€āļŊ āļļැāļŗීāļ¸ āļąිāˇƒා āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļēāļēāļą් āļ‘āļ¸ āļģිāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļą්āļąāļēāļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢෙāļą āļąිāˇƒා āļēි. āļļොāˇ„ෝ āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ¯ිāļē āˇƒෙāˇ€āļŊ āļšෑāļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļą āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļēāļēිāļą් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēාāļœේ āļļිāļŊී āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­āļ§ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒුāˇ€ෙāļą් āˇ„āˇƒුāˇ€āļą āļąිāˇƒා āļ”āˇ€ුāļą් āļ‘āļ¸ āļ‹āļ´āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āļ…āļąුāļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‰āļą් āļ´āˇƒුāˇ€ āļšāļģුāˇ€ āˇƒāˇ€ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļŊී āļ¯ෙāļšāļš් āˇāļš්āļ­ිāļ¸āļ­්āˇ€, āˇƒāļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļģāˇ€ āļ­āļļා āļŊāļĢු āˇ„ෝ āļģෙāļ¯ිāļ´āļ§ිāˇ€āļŊිāļą් āļœැāļ§ āļœāˇƒා āˇƒāˇ€ිāļšāļģ āļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘āˇ„ි āļ¯ී āļ‰āļ­ාāļ¸āļ­් āˇāļš්āļ­ිāļ¸āļ­් āļ‡āļ§āļ¸ිāļŊ්āļŊ āˇ€ැāļąි āļŊීāļēāļš් āˇ„āļģāˇƒ්āļŊීāļē āļŊෙāˇƒ āļēොāļ¯ා āļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āļ‡āļ­ැāļ¸් āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽාāˇ€āļŊ āļšāļģුāˇ€āļš් āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļŊීāļēāļš් āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļēෝāļœ්‍āļē āļļāˇ€ āļ”āˇ€ුāļą්āļœේ āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ āļēි. āļ‘āˇ€ැāļąි āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽාāˇ€āļš් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ‰āļ­ා āˇāļš්āļ­ිāļ¸āļ­් āļŊී āļ¯ෙāļšāļš් āˇ„āļģāˇƒ් āļŊීāļē āļ¸āļ­ āļļැāļŗ āļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēා āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āļ‡āļŊ්āļŊීāļ¸ේ āļēෙāļ¯ෙāļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļ¸ āˇ„āļģāˇƒ් āļŊීāļē āļ¸āļ­ āˇƒිāļ§āļœෙāļą āļēි. āļ¸ෙāˇ„ිāļ¯ී āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēිāļą්āļ§ āļļāˇ„ුāļŊāˇ€āļ¸ āˇ„āļ¸ුāˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļšුāļ¸්āļļāļŊාāˇ€ා, āļšෝāļģāļŊුāˇ€ා, āļ‡āˇ„ැāļŊāļ¸්āļļāļģුāˇ€ා, āļšොāļģāļšුāļģුāˇ€ා, āļļොāļŊ්āļŊāļą්, āˇ„ුāļģුāļŊ්āļŊා, āˇƒාāļŊāļēා āˇ€ැāļąි āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ āļēි.

āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēාāļ§ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ´ුāļģාāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āļ…āˇƒ්āˇ€ැāļą්āļą āļŊāļļාāļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšිāˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļšි.āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļ­ිāļģāˇƒාāļģ āļ´ැāˇ€ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļ­āˇ„āˇ€ුāļģු āļšāļģāļą āļ¸āˇ€් āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļē āļœāˇ„āļĢāļēේ āļ´ැāˇ€ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļēāļ¸් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļšිāļą් āˇ„ෝ āļ†āļģāļš්āˇ‚ා āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēෙāļąි. āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļēāļēāļą් āļģංāļ ු āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢෙāļą āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāˇ€āļŊ āļšාāļŊ āˇ€ේāļŊාāˇ€ āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēāļą් āļ­āļ¸ āļ…āļ­්āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸් āˇ€āļŊිāļą් āļ¯ැāļą āˇ„āļŗුāļąා āļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļ‘āļ¸ āļš්āˇ‚ේāļ­්‍āļģāļēේ āļąිāļēැāļŊීāļ¸ෙāļąි. āļ‰āļ­ා āļšෙāļ§ි āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļ­ුāˇ… āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ෙāļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēා āļ´ෙāļģāˇ€āļģු5.30 āˇƒිāļ§ āļ´āˇƒ්āˇ€āļģු 5.00 .āļ­් 6.00 āļ­් āļ…āļ­āļģ āˇ€ැāļŠි āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļģැāļšිāļēාāˇ€ේ āļąිāļģāļ­āˇ€āļąු āļ¯ැāļšිāļē āˇ„ැāļšිāļē.





āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļąāļēāļ§ āļ†āļšāļģ්āˇ‚āļĢāļē āˇ€ී āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āˇ€ිāļ¯ෙāˇƒ් āˇƒංāļ ාāļģāļšāļēිāļą් 

āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ෙāļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēිāļą් āļēāļąු āˇ€ිāļ¯ෙāˇƒ් āˇƒංāļ ාāļģāļšāļēිāļą්āļœේ āļ†āļšāļģ්āˇ‚āļĢāļē

āļąොāļ¸āļŗāˇ€ āļ¯ිāļąාāļœෙāļą āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āļ´ිāļģිāˇƒāļš්. āļļොāˇ„ෝ āˇ€ිāļ§ āˇ€ිāļ¯ෙāˇƒ් āˇƒංāļ ාāļģāļš āļąāļŠāļēāļš් āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢි āˇ€ිāļ§

 āļ”āˇ€ුāļą්āļœේ āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ´ෙāļąී āˇƒිāļ§ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēිāļą්āļ§ āļēāļ¸් āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊāļš් āˇ„ිāļ¸ිāˇ€āļąāˇ€ා.

āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļ¯ෙāˇƒ් āˇƒංāļ ාāļģāļšāļēිāļą් āļģිāļ§ āļ¸āļ­āļ§ āļąැāļœ āļļිāļŊී āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­ āļ…āļ­āļ§ āļœෙāļą āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ´ෙāļąී āˇƒිāļ§ීāļą්āļąේ āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēිāļą්āļ§ āˇ€ැāļŠි āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊāļš් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ෙāļ¸ිāļą්. āļ‘āļ¸ āļąිāˇƒාāļ¸ āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē āļšාāļŊ āˇƒāļ¸āļēේ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēිāļą්āļ§ āˇƒංāļ ාāļģāļšāļēāļą්āļœෙāļą් āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸් āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāļēāļš් āˇ€ුāļĢා.




āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļē āļ…āļˇාāˇ€āļēāļ§ āļēāļ¸ිāļą් āļ­ිāļļෙāļąāˇ€ා 

 āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ¯ිāļē āļ…āļ­āļģāļ¸ැāļ¯ āļģāˇ…āļ´āˇ„āļģ āˇƒāļ¸āļŸ āļœැāļ§ෙāļ¸ිāļą් āļ‘āļš් āļģිāļ§āļš āˇƒāļ¸āļļāļģāˇ€ āˇ„ිāļŗ āļ¸ාāˇ…ුāļļාāļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēාāļœේ āļĸීāˇ€āļą āļģāļ§ාāˇ€ āļąāļ¸් āļ‘āļ­āļģāļ¸් āˇƒුāļą්āļ¯āļģ āļąැāļ­. āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēේ āˇƒිāļ§ āļ­āļ¸ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒේ āˇ€ිāļēāļ¯āļ¸ āˇƒොāļēාāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļēෙāˇ„ි āļąිāļēැāˇ…ුāļĢු āļ¸ොāˇ€ුāļą් āļ´āˇƒු āļšāļŊෙāļš āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ‹āļģුāļ¸ āˇ€ූ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āˇ€ිāļ¯ේāˇීāļēāļą්āļ§ āˇƒංāļ ාāļģāļš āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒāļ¯ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšāˇ…ේāļē. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ේ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšāļģāļą āļļāˇ„ුāļ¯ිāļą āļēාāļ­්‍āļģා āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ¸ාāˇ…ු āļ‡āļŊ්āļŊීāļ¸ āˇ„ා āļ¯ැāļŊ් āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āˇ„ේāļ­ුāļšොāļ§āļœෙāļą āļąොāļœැāļšුāļģු āˇ€ෙāļģāˇ… āļ­ීāļģāļēāļ§ āļšුāļŠා āļ¸ාāˇ…ු āˇ€āļģ්āļœ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢීāļ¸ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ…āļŠු āˇ€ී āļ‡āļ­. āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēāļą් āļ¯āļšිāļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļē āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ¸āļģු āļ´āˇ„āļģāļš් āļ‘āļŊ්āļŊ āļšොāļ§ āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘āˇ„ි āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļĩāļŊāļēāļš් āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļļොāˇ„ෝ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēිāļą් āˇ€ිāļ¯ෙāˇƒ් āˇƒංāļ ාāļģāļšāļēāļą්āļœෙāļą් āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āļŊāļļාāļœැāļąීāļ¸ේ āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļĢෙāļą් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ෙāļąāˇ€ා.

āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēාāļœේ āļļāļŊාāļ´ොāļģොāļ­්āļ­ුāˇ€ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļē āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēāļš් āļŊෙāˇƒ āļ¸ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļēāļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§āļē.āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļē āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēāļš් āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēාංāˇāļēāļ§ āļēāļ§āļ­් āˇ€ේ. āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļēāļ§ āˇ„ාāļąිāļēāļš් āļąොāļšāļģ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāļģāļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļ´ූāļģු āļ´āļą්āļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āļ…āļˇාāˇ€āļēāļ§ āļēාāļ¸ āļšāļĢāļœාāļ§ුāļ¯ාāļēāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļš්. āļ‘āļ¸ āļąිāˇƒා āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēිāļą්āļœේ āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­āļē āˇƒුāļģāļš්āˇ‚ිāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ…āļ¯ාāļŊ āļļāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą්āļœේ āˇ€āļœāļšීāļ¸āļš් āˇ€āļąāˇ€ා. āļ”āˇ€ුāļą් āļąිāˇƒි āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€ෙāļ¸ිāļą් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āļ†āļģāļš්āˇ‚ා āļšāļģāļœāļ­āˇ„ොāļ­් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēා āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āļ…āļŊ්āļŊāļą āļ…āļ´ූāļģු āļ¯āˇƒුāļą āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­ āļ´āļģāļ´ුāļģāļ§āļ­් āļ¯ැāļšāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļšිāˇ€āļąු āļ‡āļ­ි. āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšාāˇ€āļ§ āļ‹āļģුāļ¸ āˇ€ූ āļ¯āļšුāļĢු āļŊāļš āˇƒුāļą්āļ¯āļģāļ­්āˇ€āļē āˇ€ිāļ¯āˇ„ා āļ´ාāļą āļ´ාāļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ීāˇ€āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āˇ„ා āļ°ීāˇ€āļģāļēාāļœේ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļœැāļ§āļŊුāˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇ€ිāˇƒāļŗුāļ¸් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļ´āļ­් āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļšāˇ€ුāļģුāļą්āļ¯ ?


Written by: imansala udeshani

References:

https://prabathfunny.blogspot.com/2017/08/blog-post_1.html?m=1

http://sinhala.newsslbc.lk/?p=8233

http://exoticislandtours.com/sri-lanka/attractions/stilt-fishing/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Thursday 15 July 2021

Symbiotic relationships in coral reef ecosystem

 

                                    Corals can be seen like rocks, but they are live. They look like plants, but they do not photosynthesis. Corals are colonial animals and can have a single polyp or a colony of thousands of polyps. Each polyp is a tubular sac-like body with a ring of tentacles surrounding their mouth. Polyps range in size from 1-3 mm in diameter for colonial corals. Multiple polyps are linked from the common gastrovascular system. It is helpful for them to share food, water, wastes with surrounding polyps.

                                    When considering about coral reef associators first we need to consider about the symbiotic relationship of corals and other flora and fauna. These relationships are very common near reefs as are so many species associated with coral reefs. As we all know algae and corals are in a symbiotic relationship. Symbioses are perhaps best recognized as a broad category of heterospecific associations embracing various degrees of adaptive interaction. There are 3 types of symbiotic relationships. They are,
                                    (1) Mutualism
                                    (2) Parasitism
                                    (3) Commensalism

 

                                     


Now let’s consider each step by step  

(1) Mutualism 

When two organisms of different types of species work together and each is getting benefits from the relationship. This is two types. They are obligate and facultative relationships. 0bligate mutualism is known as neither organism can live without another. Relationship between hard corals and algae is an obligate mutualistic relationship. As corals do not photosynthesis algae produce organic substances and provide them to corals and corals provide space for algae to live.

Relationship between the sea anemones and clown fish is also an obligate mutualistic relationship. Sea anemones are predators and they are attached themselves to a rock or the ocean floor. They capture prey and it is paralyzed by using their poisonous tentacles. But clown fish is used to live among anemone’s tentacles as it has a mucus layer all over the body which is immune to the deadly sting of the anemone. Therefore, clownfish get protection from predators. Not only that, clown fish helps to feed the anemone by letting them eat their left over and by luring fish over to the anemone. 


Source: journals.plos.org


When consider about facultative mutualistic relationship it is known as species benefit from one
another, but do not fully depend on one another.Relationship between shrimp or smaller fish and larger
marine organisms can be taken as an example. Shrimps remove materials like parasites from larger organisms in which they get meal from. Removal of harmful parasites is the benefit that get for larger animals.Examples for those smaller fish are bluehead wrasse, Spanish hogfish. Often time larger fish wait in cleaning stations for the cleaner fish to come and get these things off of them. Sometimes these smaller fish become the meal of the larger fish. 



(2) Parasitism

On coral reefs parasitic interactions are incredibly common and varied. Here only one of the species is benefited. Parasites gain from the relationship and another species get harmed. Petasites are two types and they are ectoparasites and endoparasites. Ectoparasites live on outside of the host body and ectoparasites live inside of the host body.



Isopods involve in a parasitic symbiotic relationship. Some isopods eat the tongue of the fish and live in the fish mouth and act as the tongue of the fish and get all the food the fish takes inside. Then it eats anything that fish eats.


Relationship between the fish lice and small fish is an ectoparasitic relationship. Fish may die if there are too many fish lice attached. Fish lice eat fish body fluid.





Phylum Platyhelminthes parasitic on coral reefs in many different ways. Mainly cause to the heavy loss of the coral cover. Acropora eating flat worm has only been found in the Great Barrier Reef.


(3) Commensalism

Here one species benefits from another species. The other species is neither harmed nor helped in the relationship.

Relationship of jelly fish and small fish is a commensality. When there is a threat small fish hide among the tentacles of the jelly fish and get the protection. But jelly fish do not get any specific harm or a benefit fromthis action.



Relationship between shrimp and feather star is also a commensalism. Shrimp blend with the feather star and use it for protection. When shrimp is hiding it is very difficult to find it.
 


Mimicry

Mimicry is a form of symbiosis where a species may mimic the colors, patterns, behaviors of another species.This may happen for a reason. The organisms who do mimic can get closer to the prey without any suspect, can get protection by imitating a predator or a poisonous species.Mimicry can be two types. They are aggressive mimicry and batesian mimicry. When an animal imitates as a predator it is known as aggressive mimicry and when an animal imitates as a poisonous species it is known and batesian mimicry.





Frog fish, species of angler fish engages in aggressive mimicry. They have a fleshy filament just above its lip with which it mimics the movements of a small organism in order to attract the prey.

Yellowtail snapper is also showing aggressive mimicry. This species mimics the yellow goat fish which go bottom in schools browsing on small invertebrates. By blending in with these schools of non-predatory fish the yellowtail snapper can get closer to small prey fish and can have much higher capture success rate.



Mimic octopus is a remarkable cephalopod which takes on the form of a variety of different animals by bunching up or elongating its arms to mimic anything from a stingray to a lion fish or a sea snake. It uses mimicry for defense and as a predator, which both aggressive and batesian mimic.




Another example of mimicry is between the sabre-tooth blenny and cleaner wrasses. The cleaner wrasse has a mutualistic relationship with larger fish so they don’t get eaten and the sabre-tooth blenny takes advantage of this relationship by evolving to look very similar to cleaner wrasse. Instead of cleaning the larger fish, the sabre-tooth blenny will take a bite out the large fish’s flesh and swim away. This is an example for aggressive mimicry.

Four eye butterfly fish uses a large eye spot in order toappear larger to predators.



written by:
K.P.K. Ashirwadani Amarathilaka 

References:
https://www.thoughtco.com
https://necsi.edu
https://www.briannica.com
https://www.ck12.org
www.nature.com
https://sciencedirect.co.


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Wednesday 14 July 2021

āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ āˇ€ිāļąිāˇ€ිāļ¯ āļ¯āļšිāļ¸ු (Penetrating the deep sea)

āˇƒාāļœāļģāļē āļ‘āˇ„ි āļœැāļšුāļģ āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļšිāˇ„ිāļ´āļēāļšāļ§ āļļෙāļ¯ේ.

                    1. Epipelagic zone (āļ…āļ´ි āˇƒāļ¸ුāļ¯්āļģ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē)

                    2. Mesopelagic zone (āļ¸ෝāˇƒෝ āˇƒāļ¸ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē )

                    3. Bathypelagic zone (āļ†āļාāļ¯ āˇƒාāļœāļģිāļš āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē)

                    4. Abyssopelagic zone

                    5. Hadopelagic zone


āˇƒāļ¸ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āˇƒ්āļŽāļģ


āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් Bathypelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 1000-4000 āļœැāļšුāļģ āˇƒāˇ„ Abyssopelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 4000–6000 āļœැāļšුāļģ āļ¯āļš්āˇ€ා āˇ€ිāˇ„ිāļ¯ේ. āļšෙāˇƒේ āˇ€ෙāļ­āļ­්, Bio-luminance (āˇƒ්āˇ€āļēං āļ†āļŊෝāļšāļē āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇ€ීāļ¸) āˇ€ැāļąි āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ේ āļĸීāˇ€ීāļą්āļœේ āļŊāļš්āˇ‚āļĢ Mesopelagic (āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 200-1000 āļœැāļšුāļģු) āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļ¯ āļ¯ැāļšිāļē āˇ„ැāļšිāļē. Mesopelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļēāļąු Disphotic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļēි. āļ‘āļēිāļą් āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļ†āļŊෝāļšāļē āļ…āˇ€āļ¸, āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ­āˇ€āļ¸āļ­් āļ¸ැāļąිāļē āˇ„ැāļšි āļļāˇ€āļēි. āˇƒාāļœāļģāļēේ āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāļē āļ…āļąුāˇ€ āļ”āļš්āˇƒිāļĸāļą් āļ…āˇ€āļ¸ āˇƒ්āļŽāļģāļē āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 700 āļ­් 1000 āļ­් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļœැāļšුāļģāļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļē āļ´ෝāˇ‚්‍āļē āļ´āļ¯ාāļģ්āļŽ āļļāˇ„ුāļŊ āˇ€āļą āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāļē āļ¯ āˇ€ේ. Bathypelagic āˇƒāˇ„ Abyssopelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļ‹āļ¯ාāˇƒීāļą āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļēිāļą් āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āˇƒාāļœāļģāļēේ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේāˇāļēāļ§ āļšිāˇƒිāļ¯ු āļ†āļŊෝāļšāļēāļš් āˇ€ිāļąිāˇ€ිāļ¯ āļąොāļēāļą āļļāˇ€āļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āˇ€ාāˇƒāļē āļšāˇ… āˇ„ැāļšි āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ…āˇ€āļšාāˇāļēෙāļą් 75% āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€ේ.


Epipelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē (āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ 0-200) āļēāļąු āļ†āļŊෝāļšāļē āļĸāļŊāļēāļ§ āˇ€ිāļąිāˇ€ිāļ¯ āļēāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´්‍āļģāļˇාāˇƒංāˇ්āļŊේāˇ‚āļĢāļē āˇƒිāļ¯ු āˇ€ේ. āļ¸ෙāļē Photic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļŊෙāˇƒāļ¯ āˇ„ැāļŗිāļą්āˇ€ේ. āļ¸ෙāļē āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් āļĸāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් āˇƒිāļē āļœāļĢāļąāļš් āļ´āˇ„āˇ…ිāļą් āˇ€ිāˇ„ිāļ¯ෙāļą āļąිāˇƒා āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ´āļģිāļ¸ාāˇ€ෙāļą් 90% āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ āļ…āļŗුāļģේ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ āļ¯ āļ…āļ­ිāˇāļēිāļą්āļ¸ āˇ„ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļąොāˇ€āļą āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļēāļš් āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‹āˇ‚්āļĢāļ­්āˇ€āļē āļšāļŊාāļ­ුāļģāļšිāļą් 3 ° C (37.4 ° F) āļ‰āļš්āļ¸āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ −1.8 C (28.76 ° F) āļ­āļģāļ¸් āļ…āļŠු āļ…āļœāļēāļš් āļœāļąී (350 C āˇ„ෝ 662 ° F āļ‰āļš්āļ¸āˇ€ිāļē āˇ„ැāļšි āļĸāļŊ āļ­ාāļ´ āˇ€ාāļ­ාāˇ්‍āļģ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ි āˇ„ැāļģ). āļ…āļŠු āļ”āļš්āˇƒිāļĸāļą් āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļē āˇ€ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊ 20 āļ­් 1,000 āļ­්  ( 2 MPa āļ­් 100 MPa āļ­් ) āļ…āļ­āļģ āˇ€ේ.


āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ේ āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āļ¸āˇƒුāļą්, āˇƒූāļģ්āļēාāļŊෝāļšāļē āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ¸āļ­ුāļ´ිāļ§ āļĸāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇ„āˇ…ිāļą් āļ…āļą්āļ°āļšාāļģāļēේ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€āļą āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ේ Epipelagic āˇ„ෝ Photic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ´āˇ„āˇ…ිāļą් āļ´ිāˇ„ිāļ§ා āļ‡āļ­. āļœැāļšුāļģු āˇƒාāļœāļģāļēේ āļĸāļŊāļē Epipelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļļෙāˇ„ෙāˇ€ිāļą් āļ´āˇ„āˇ…āļ§ āˇ€ිāˇ„ිāļ¯ෙāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļœැāļšුāļģු āļšāļŊාāļ´āˇ€āļŊ āļĸීāˇ€āļ­්āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļąුāˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļąāļē āˇ€ූ āˇ€ිāˇ€ිāļ°ාāļšාāļģ Pelagic āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āļ‡āļ­. Lanternfish, Flashlight fish, Cookiecutter shark, Bristlemouths, Anglerfish, Viperfish āˇƒāˇ„ Eelpout āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āˇ€ේ.


Coryphaenoides armatus

Gigantacitis gargantua


Melanocetus johnsonii


āļ¸ාāˇ…ුāˇ€ෙāļšු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯āļ§ āļœැāļšුāļģāļ§ āļœāļ¸āļą් āļšāļģāļą āˇ€ිāļ§, āļĸāļŊāļēේ āļ‰āˇ„āˇ…ිāļą් āļ‡āļ­ි āļļāļģ āļ”āˇ€ුāļą් āļ¸āļ­ āļĸāļŊ āˇƒ්āļŽිāļ­ිāļš āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļē āˇ€ැāļŠි āļšāļģāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠිāˇ€āļą āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļē āˇƒෑāļ¸ āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 10 āļš්āļ¸ āļœැāļšුāļģāļ§ āļ‘āļš් āˇƒāļ¸්āļ¸āļ­ āˇ€ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊāļēāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€ේ (āļ‘āļš් āˇ€ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊāļēāļš් āļēāļąු āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āˇ€ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊāļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ේ āļ¸āļ­ුāļ´ිāļ§ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļēāļēි). Bathypelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļ´āļ­ුāļŊේ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ¸āļ­්āˇƒ්‍āļēāļēෙāļšුāļ§ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļē āˇ€ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊ 400 āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€ේ (āˇ€āļģ්āļœ āļ…āļŸāļŊāļšāļ§ āļģාāļ­්āļ­āļŊ් 6000 āļšāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļą්āļą āˇ€ේ). 


āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ු āļĸීāˇ€ීāļą්āļ§ āˇƒෛāļŊීāļē āˇ„ා āļˇෞāļ­ිāļš āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸්āˇ€āļŊ āļ…āļąුāˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļąāļēāļą් āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āˇ€ිāˇාāļŊ āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļēāļšිāļą් āļēුāļ­් āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģāļēāļš āļĸීāˇ€āļ­් āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļŠ āˇƒāļŊāˇƒāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļąුāˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļąāļēāļą් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි āˇ€ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļąොāļœැāļšුāļģු āļĸāļŊ āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ āļœැāļšුāļģැ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āˇ€āļŊ āˇ€ිāˇ„ිāļ¯ී āļēා āˇ„ැāļšි āļœැāļšුāļģ āˇƒීāļ¸ා āļšāļģāļēි. āļļාāˇ„ිāļģ āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļēේ āļ‰āˇ„āˇ… āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļ´āļģිāˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāˇ€āļŊීāļą් āˇ„ා āļĸෛāˇ€ āļģāˇƒාāļēāļąිāļš āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļš්‍āļģිāļēා āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļēāļ§ āļēāļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļē āļšෙāļģෙāˇ„ි āļļāļŊāļ´ාāļēි.āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ´ීāļŠāļą āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ āļąිāˇƒා āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āˇƒෛāļŊීāļē āļ­āļģāļŊāļēේ āˇƒංāļāļ§āļš āļĸāļŊ āˇ€්‍āļēුāˇ„āļēāļ§ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸āļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļšāļģāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒāļ§ āļ…āļąුāˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļąāļē āˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ුāˇ„ුāļ¯ේ āļ¸āˇƒුāļą්āļœේ āļ´්‍āļģෝāļ§ීāļą් āˇ€්‍āļēුāˇ„āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļš්‍āļģිāļēා āļąිāļģ්āļĢාāļēāļš āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ­āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą්āˇ„ි āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļš්‍āļģිāļēා āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļēāļ§ āļ”āļģොāļ­්āļ­ු āļ¯ෙāļą āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි āˇƒāļšāˇƒ් āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­.  


āļœැāļšුāļģුāļ¸ āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āˇ€āļą Hadopelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ…āˇ€āļ¸ āļŊෙāˇƒ āļœāˇ€ේāˇ‚āļĢāļē āļšāˇ… āˇ„ා āļ…āļ­ිāˇāļēිāļą්āļ¸ āˇ€ිāˇ„ිāļ¯ුāļąු āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ි āļŊෙāˇƒ āˇƒැāļŊāļšේ. āļ’āˇ€ා āˇ„ිāļģු āļ‘āˇ…ිāļē āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ිāļšāļ¸, āļ…āļŠු āļ‹āˇ‚්āļĢāļ­්āˇ€āļē, āļ´ෝāˇ‚āļš āˇ„ිāļŸāļē āˇ€ැāļąි āļšāļģැāļĢු āˇ€āļŊිāļą් āˇƒāļ¸āļą්āˇ€ිāļ­ āˇ€ේ. āļļොāˇ„ෝ āļĸීāˇ€ීāļą් āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෘāļ­ෝāļ´āļĸීāˇ€ිāļą්āļē. āļ¯ැāļąāļ§ 400 āļšāļ§ āļ…āļ°ිāļš āˇ€ිāˇේāˇ‚ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´āļģිāˇƒāļģ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ි āˇ€āļŊිāļą් āļ¯āļą්āļąා āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ’āˇ€ාāļēිāļą් āļļොāˇ„ොāļ¸āļēāļš් āļ†āļą්āļ­ිāļš āļ´ාāļģිāˇƒāļģිāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āˇ€āļēāļą්āļ§ āļˇෞāļ­ිāļš āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ…āļąුāˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļąāļēāļą් āļ‡āļ­. 


Written by: Malithi Hansika Palliyaguru

References :

Haedrich RL (1996) "Deep-water fishes: evolution and adaptation in the earth's largest living spaces" Journal of Fish Biology

Sutton, T.T. (Nov 2005). "Trophic ecology of the deep-sea fish Malacosteus niger (Pisces: Stomiidae): An enigmatic feeding ecology to facilitate a unique visual system?". Deep-Sea Research

                                                   

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