Underwater Fireworks: The Art of Bioluminescence in Oceanic Nightlife
Bioluminescence is one of the ocean’s most mesmerizing phenomena, casting a spell of light over the deep blue with a natural brilliance that captivates both scientists and enthusiasts alike. Bioluminescence is particularly predominant in the marine environment, in members of planktonic bacteria, protozoa, many invertebrates, and vertebrates with specialized light producing organs that harbor symbiotic bioluminescent bacteria. Marine bioluminescence is mainly blue and, therefore, tuned to the wavelengths that travel farthest through the water.
Bioluminescence is the emission of light by living organisms, a result of a chemical reaction between a light-emitting molecule called luciferin and an enzyme known as luciferase. Inside the cells, luciferin is packed in vesicles called scintillons. This luciferin is produced throughout daylight hours. The luciferin is usually bound to a protein called Luciferin Binding Protein. When movement of surrounding water bends the cell membrane, it sends electrical impulses around the vacuole which holds a bunch of protons. Then protons move to the cytoplasm (where the scintillons are stored). The cytoplasm's pH becomes acidified, and the process is activated in the scintillons. The luciferin and the LBP dissociate. In the process of being oxidized, luciferin briefly exists in an excited state, releasing energy in the form of light. The oxidation of the luciferin by the luciferase results in inactive oxyluciferin.
In the ocean, bioluminescence plays a crucial role in the survival and interaction of marine organisms. Many deep-sea creatures, such as lanternfish and jellyfish, use bioluminescence for various purposes, including attracting prey, deterring predators, and facilitating communication. For instance, some species produce light to lure in small fish or plankton, while others use bioluminescence as a defense mechanism, emitting a burst of light to confuse predators or create a smoke screen for escape. Additionally, bioluminescence helps in communication among species, particularly in the dark depths of the ocean where visual cues are essential. This natural light production not only enhances survival strategies but also contributes to the vibrant and dynamic nature of marine ecosystems.
📝D.D.Dissanayaka
3 rd year (20/21 batch)
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