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Saturday, 31 July 2021

⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšāļŊාāļ´

1982 āļ¯ී āļ†āļ ාāļģ්āļē āļģāļąිāļŊ් ⎃ේāļąාāļąාāļēāļš āˇ„ා āļ¸āˇ„ාāļ ාāļģ්āļē āļ´ීāļ§āļģ්.āļļි.āļ¸ොāļēිāļŊ් āļēāļą āˇ€ිāļ¯්⎀āļ­ුāļą් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšāļŊාāļ´ 4āļšāļ§ āļļෙāļ¯ා ⎀ෙāļą් āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļුāļąි. āļ´‍්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āˇ්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ­ුāļŊිāļą් ⎀ාāļģ්āļ­ා ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ ⎃ංāļ›්‍āļēා⎀ ⎄ා āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļ´āļģිāļĢාāļ¸ීāļē āļļāļą්āļ°ුāļ­ා⎀ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€āļģ්āļœීීāļšāļģāļĢāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļ´ාāļ¯āļš āļšāļģāļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘āļŊෙ⎃ ⎀ෙāļą් āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āˇ€āļąුāļēේ,


01.āļąිāļģිāļ­ āļ¯ිāļœ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē (South Western Province)
02.⎀ිāļē⎅ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē (Dry Zone Province)
03.āļ…āļ­āļģāļ¸ැāļ¯ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē(Transition Province)
04.āļ¸āˇ„⎀ැāļŊි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē (Mahaweli Province)

01.āļąිāļģිāļ­ āļ¯ිāļœ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē

āļ¸ෙāļē āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් ⎀ැāļ¯āļœāļ­්āļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļēි.āļ…āļ­්āļ­āļąāļœāļŊු āļąිāļ¸්āļąāļē āļ‡āļ­ු⎅ු⎀ āļ´ි⎅ි⎀ෙāļŊිāļą්,āļ¯āļšුāļĢු āļ¯ිāļœිāļą් āļšැ⎅āļĢි,āļšāˇ…ු,āļœිං,āļąිāļŊ්⎀āļŊා āļēāļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļœංāļœා āˇƒāˇ„ āļšුāļŠා āļœංāļœා āļąිāļ¸්āļą āˇ€āļŊිāļą් ⎃āļ¸āļą්⎀ිāļ­ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļē āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් ⎀ේ. ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ 27āļš් āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊāļ­්⎀ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ 59āļš් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēෙāļą් ⎀ාāļģ්āļ­ා ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­,āļ‰āļą් 22āļš් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ 22 āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් 20āļš්  ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ේ.

āļ‹āļ¯ා:-
                    
Aplochellus dayi(āļ‹āļŠ āˇ„āļŗāļēා) 


Puntius titteya(āļŊේ āļ­ිāļ­්āļ­āļēා)



02.⎀ිāļē⎅ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ¸āˇ„⎀ැāļŊි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļšොāļ§āˇƒ් 2āļšāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļą්⎀ෙāļēි.

 • āļœිāļĢිāļšොāļą āļ¯ිāļœ āˇ€ිāļē⎅ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē
 • āļ‹āļ­ුāļģු ⎄ා ⎀āļēāļš āˇ€ිāļē⎅ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē

āļąිāļģිāļ­ āļ¯ිāļœ āˇ„ා āļ¸āˇ„⎀ැāļŊි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āļœංāļœා āļ¯්‍āļģෝāļĢි ⎄ැāļģ ⎀ිāļē⎅ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ­ුāļŊ āļœāļŊāļąා ⎃ිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ āļœංāļœා āļ¯්‍āļģෝāļĢි ⎀ේ.āļ¸ෙāāļšāļŊාāļ´āļēෙāļą් āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ 37āļš් ⎀ාāļģ්āļ­ා ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‰āļą් 5āļš්  ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ේ.
āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ි⎁ේ⎂ 37 āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් āļ‘āļšāļŗු ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂āļēāļš් ⎀āļ­් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āļąො⎀ේ.āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļļො⎄ෝ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēාāļąු āļ…āļģ්āļ°āļ¯්⎀ීāļ´āļēෙāļą්āļ¯ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´āļģිāļĢාāļ¸ීāļē⎀ āļ‰āļ­ා ⎃āļ¸ීāļ´ āļļāļą්āļ°ුāļ­ා⎀āļš් āļ¯āļš්⎀āļēි.

āļ‹āļ¯ා:-
               
Mystus gulio (āļ¸ාāļą āļ…ංāļšුāļ§්āļ§ා/āļ…āļŸුāļŊු⎀ා)    


  Mystus cavasius (āļ´āļ­් āļ…ංāļšුāļ§්āļ§ා)


 
03.āļ…āļ­āļģāļ¸ැāļ¯ි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē

āļ­āļ¯ āļļෑ⎀ුāļ¸් āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļ¯ෙ⎀āļą āļ…āļŠāļ­ැāļą්āļąāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් āļ¸āļ°්‍āļēāļ¸ āļšāļŗුāļšāļģāļēේ āļļෑ⎀ුāļ¸් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් ⎀ේ. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļēේ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ‡āļ­ැāļ¸් āļ¯ිāļē āļ´āˇ„āļģ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ 03āļš් āļ‹āļ´āļēෝāļœී āļšāļģāļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් āļ´āļģ්āļēේ⎂āļĢ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ ⎄āļŗුāļą්⎀ාāļ¯ීāļ¸් āļšි⎄ිāļ´āļēāļš් ⎃ිāļ¯ු āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļĸāļŊ āļ´්‍āļģ⎀ා⎄āļēāļą්āļœේ ⎀ේāļœāˇ€āļ­් āļļ⎀ ⎄ේāļ­ු⎀ෙāļą් āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ āļģāļŗා āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ීāļ¸ේ  ⎄ැāļšිāļēා⎀ āļ…āļŠු ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­.

āļ‹āļ¯ා:-

Xiptrophorus hellerii (⎃ෝ⎀ෝāļŠි āļ§ේāļŊ්/āļšāļŠු āļ´āˇ„āļģා) 



Poecilla reticulata(⎀ෙāļŊ් āļœāļ´්āļ´ි)



04.āļ¸āˇ„⎀ැāļŊි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē

āļąිāļģිāļ­ āļ¯ිāļœ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ´āˇƒු⎀ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē ⎀ැāļ¯āļœāļ­්āļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļŊෙ⎃ ⎄āļŗුāļą්⎀āļēි.āļ¯ුāļ¸්āļļāļģ ⎄ා āļ¸āļ°්‍āļēāļ¸ āļšāļŗුāļšāļģāļēේ ⎃ිāļ§ āļ­්‍āļģිāļšුāļĢාāļ¸āļŊāļē āļ¯āļš්⎀ා ⎀ු āļ¸āˇ„⎀ැāļŊි āļąāļ¯ී āļąිāļ¸්āļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļē āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­් ⎀ේ. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēෙāļą් āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ 44āļš් ⎀ාāļģ්āļ­ා ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļ‰āļą් 11āļš් ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ේ. āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ 11 āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් 5āļš් āļ¯ැāļšිāļē ⎄ැāļš්āļšේ āļ¸āˇ„⎀ැāļŊි āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļ´āļ¸āļĢි.

āļ‹āļ¯ා:-
    
Belontia signata(āļ­āļŊ්āļšො⎃්⎃ා)



Puntius srilankensis (āļ¯ංāļšුāļŠ āļ´ෙāļ­ිāļēා)



                         




 

āļģāļ āļąāļē:⎃ංāļ¯ීāļ´āļąී āļ´āļ­ිāļģāļĢāļœේ

āļ¸ූāļŊා⎁්‍āļģ: āļœුāļĢāļ­ිāļŊāļš āļ‘āˇƒ්.(2007)⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļ¸ිāļģිāļ¯ිāļē āļ¸āˇƒුāļą්-āļĸෛ⎀ ⎀ි⎀ිāļ°āļ­්⎀ āļŊේāļ›āļ¸් āļšාāļģ්āļēාāļŊāļē-āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ ⎄ා ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇƒāļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēාං⎁āļē​.
 


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Sunday, 25 July 2021

Simple steps that can be taken to reduce the damage caused by the accidented container ship, MV X-press pearl

 

 The brand-new Container ship, MV X-press pearl caught fire off the cost of Colombo on 20th of May, and it was engulfed in flames by 27 May. After burning for 12 days, the vessel sank on 2nd June. This navel accident caused a massive damage on Sri Lankan coastal line, marine habitat and its bio diversity, marine fisheries, as well as the entire atmosphere due to smoke from the fire.

 This ship was carrying 1486 containers including 81 containers with toxic chemicals, 25 tons of nitric acid and 78 tons of plastic pellets. Due to fire, some of them were destroyed, while some fell in to the ocean. However, almost a month has passed, now the memory of the tragedy is disappearing from our minds as well as beach cleaning using primitive mechanisms also almost over. However still dead bodies of fishes and turtles are washing up to the beach as well as some debris from the ship. Practically we can’t clean the ocean water, because due to its volume, it is not practical. But it is possible to clean the beach and ocean surface in case of oil spill.

For beach cleaning, we can use modern beach cleaning machines, which are more effective from labor and time consuming.


A modern beach cleaning machine





The basic mechanism



Removing oil spills from open ocean.

 

The floating barriers as below are used to prevent oil spreading on water. Then using a pump or surface skimmer, this oil can be removed.





Written by : W.M.P. Manukularathne 

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Wednesday, 21 July 2021

Alongshore webinar series ; Webinar #2

⎀āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļą āļšාāļģ්āļ¸ිāļš āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļ…⎄ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸ āļĸāļŊ āļ¯ූ⎂āļĢāļē ⎄āļģ⎄ා āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļąිāļģāļą්āļ­āļģāļēෙāļą් āļ…āļ­්⎀ිāļŗීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀ී āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸ේ āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ ⎃āļ¸ාāļĸāļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ…āļ´ āˇƒැ⎀ොāļ¸ āļ¯ැāļąු⎀āļ­් ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļšාāļŊāļē āļ‘⎅āļšී āļ‡āļ­.

⎁්‍āļģී āļĸāļē⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļ´ුāļģ ⎀ි⎁්⎀⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊāļēේ āļĸāļŊāļĸ āļĸී⎀ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēා ⎁ි⎂්‍āļē ⎃ංāļœāļ¸āļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් ⎃ං⎀ිāļ°ාāļąāļē āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āˇƒāļ¸්āļ¸āļą්āļ­්‍āļģāļĢ āļ¸ාāļŊා⎀ "Alongshore", āļ‘⎄ි āļ¯ෙ⎀āļą āļ´ිāļē⎀āļģ āļ­āļļāļ¸ිāļą් "āļĸāļŊāļĸ āļĸී⎀ීāļą් āļ¸āļ­ āļ†āļœāļą්āļ­ුāļš āļģ⎃ාāļēāļąිāļš āˇƒංāļēෝāļœ āˇ€āļŊ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸" āļēāļ§āļ­ේ ⎄āļģ⎀āļ­්, ⎀ිāļ¯්⎀āļ­් āļ’ āˇ€āļœේāļ¸ āļģāˇƒāˇ€āļ­් āļšāļ­ිāļšා⎀āļ­āļš් āļœොāļŠāļąāļœāļą්āļąāļ§ āˇƒිāļēāļŊ්āļŊ ⎃ූāļ¯ාāļąāļ¸් āļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļේ.

āļ¸ෙ⎀āļģ ⎃ාāļšāļ ්āļĄා⎀ ⎃āļ¯āˇ„ා ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ¯ාāļēāļšāļ­්⎀āļē, ⎁්‍āļģී āļĸāļē⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļ´ුāļģ ⎀ි⎁්⎀ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊāļēේ ⎃āļ­්āļ­්⎀ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēා āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļąාං⎁āļēේ āļĸ්‍āļēෙ⎂්āļ¨ āļ¸āˇ„ාāļ ාāļģ්āļē āļ´āļ­්āļ¸āļŊාāļŊ් āļ¸ාāļąāļœේ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­ාāļēි.

āļ¯ිāļąāļē      -āļĸූāļŊි āļ¸āˇƒ 29 ⎀āļą āļļ්‍āļģāˇ„āˇƒ්āļ´āļ­ිāļą්āļ¯ා 

⎀ේāļŊා⎀ - āļ´āˇƒ්⎀āļģු 5 ⎃ිāļ§ 6 āļ¯āļš්⎀ා 

āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāļœāļ­ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļą් āļ”āˇƒ්⎃ේ ZOOM āļ­ාāļš්⎂āļĢāļē ⎄āļģ⎄ා āļ”āļļāļ§āļ­් āļ¸ේ āļ…āļœāļąා āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽා⎀ ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āļ…āļ´ āˇ„ා ⎃āļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļš.

āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āˇƒāļļැāļŗිāļē ⎄āļģ⎄ා āļ”āļļāļ§ āļ‘āļ¯ිāļą āˇƒාāļšāļ ්āļĄා⎀āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇ€ිāļē ⎄ැāļš.


https://learn.zoom.us/j/61500092888?pwd=WGdLdC9mTTJZTXBlTitYUDNhaE1Ldz09


Meeting ID - 615 0009 2888

Passcode   - .QanH7RR



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Friday, 16 July 2021

āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēා āļ…āļˇිāļēෝāļœ āļ¸ැāļ¯ිāļą් ⎃ිāļēāˇ€āˇƒ් āļ­ුāļąāļšāļ§


⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ¯ූāļ´āļ­් āļģාāļĸ්‍āļēāļēāļš් ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļ¸āˇ„ා ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēāļšāļ§ āļ‹āļģුāļ¸āļšāļ¸් āļšිāļēāļą āļģāļ§āļšි. āļ’ āˇƒාāļœāļģ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­ āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēāļ§ āļ¸ං āļ´ාāļ¯āļą්āļąāļšි. āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļ´්‍āļģāļˇේāļ¯ āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļē ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀āļ§ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ූ āļ´ාāļģāļ¸්āļ´āļģිāļš , ⎃āļ¸්āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ාāļēිāļš āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļšි. āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļē āļ‡āļ¸āļš් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි⎀ āļļිāļŊීāļļාāļą āļ‘āļšāļ¸ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļēි.


 āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēේ āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇāļē 

āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļ‰āļ­ි⎄ා⎃āļē ⎀ිāļ¸āˇƒා āļļāļŊāļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ 100-150 āļš āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēāļ§ āļ¯ි⎀ āļēāļą්āļąāļšි. āļĸāļą āļ¸ූāļŊා⎁්‍āļģ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēා⎀ෙāļą් āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢි ‘āļšāļŊ්āļŊāļą්’ āļąැāļ¸ැāļ­ි āļ¸ිāļąි⎃් āļšāļĢ්āļŠාāļēāļ¸āļš් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ¸ාāļ­āļģ āļœාāļą්āļ°ාāļģ ⎀āļģාāļēේ āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āļšොāļ§ āļ‡āļ­. āļ‰āļą් āļ´āˇƒු ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊාංāļšිāļš āļĸāļąāļēා āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēāļ§ āˇ„ුāļģු ⎀ූ āļļ⎀ āļĸāļą āļ¸ූāļŊා⎁්‍āļģ⎀āļŊ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļą් ⎀ේ.

 

āļļ⎄ුāļŊ⎀āļ¸ āļ¯āļš්āļąāļ§ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁

⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ේ āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļ´්‍āļģāļĸා⎀ āļœැāļą āˇƒැ⎅āļšීāļ¸ේ āļ¯ී āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēා, āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļ°āļģāļĢීāļē āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļ­āˇ„⎀ුāļģුāļšāļģāļą්āļąෙāļšු āļŊෙ⎃ ⎄ැāļ¯ිāļą්⎀ීāļ¸ āļąි⎀āļģුāļ¯ිāļē. āļœොāļŠāļļිāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļģ⎅ා⎃āļą්āļą āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ු āļ­ීāļģāļēෙāļą් ⎀ැāļŊිāļœāļ¸, āļšāˇ…ුāļšāļą්āļ¯, āļ¸ිāļ¯ිāļœāļ¸, āļ¯ේāļ¯ු⎀, āļœො⎀ිāļēාāļ´ාāļą, āļ…⎄ංāļœāļ¸,āļšāļļāļŊාāļą,āļ…āļģංāļœāļŊ, āļšොāļœ්āļœāļŊ ,āļ¯āļŊ⎀ැāļŊ්āļŊ, āļēāļą āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāˇ€āļŊ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēා āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€āļą āļ…āļēුāļģු āļ¯ැāļšිāļē ⎄ැāļšිāļē.

āļ‰āļ­ාāļ¸āļ­් ⎃ුāļą්āļ¯āļģ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ­ු⎅ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ෙāļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēා āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸ āļ´āˇ€ා āļ¸āļąāˇƒ්āļšාāļą්āļ­ āļ¯āˇƒුāļąāļš් āļļ⎀ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ⎀ේāļ¯ිāļēෝ āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļ­ි. ⎄ිāļģු āļļැ⎃āļēāļą āˇƒāļą්āļ°්‍āļēා āļˇාāļœāļēේ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļąිāļģāļ­ āˇ€āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēාāļœේ āļ¯āˇƒුāļą āļšැāļ¸āļģාāļšāļģු⎀āļą්āļœේ āļąෙāļ­āļ§ āˇ„āˇƒු⎀āļą āļ´ොāļ¯ු āļšැāļ¸āļģා āļšෝāļĢāļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ…āļģ්āļŽ āļ¯ැāļš්⎀ීāāļąි⎀ැāļģāļ¯ිāļē.  


āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļą āļ‹āļ´āļšāļģāļĢ 

āļ‡āļ¸āļš්‌ āļąැāļ­ි ⎀ āļļිāļŊීāļļාāļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļļිāļŊීāļšāļ§ු⎀ āļŊෝāļšāļēේ āļąāˇ€ීāļą āļ­ාāļš්‍⎂āļĢāļēෙāļą් āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āļĸāļ´ාāļąāļē, āļ ීāļąāļēāļšොāļģිāļēා⎀ ⎀ැāļąි āļģāļ§āˇ€āļŊāļ§āļ­් āļ­āˇ€āļ¸āļ­් āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇ€ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļąො⎄ැāļšි ⎀ී āļ­ිāļļේ. āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēෙ⎄ි āļąිāļģāļ­ āˇ€ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļļිāļŊී āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­āļš්, āļļිāļŊී āļšāļ§ු⎀āļš්, āˇƒāˇ„ āļģිāļ§āļš් āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļąු āļŊāļļāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘āļ¸ āļ‘āļš් āļ‘āļš් āļ‹āļ´āļšāļģāļĢāļē ⎃ාāļ¯ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēāļą් āļ…āļąුāļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļ§āļ¸ āļ†āˇ€ේāļĢිāļš āˇ€ුāļĢු āļš්‍āļģāļ¸ āļēි.

 

1. āļļිāļŊී āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­ 

āļļිāļŊී āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­ āˇƒෑāļ¯ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļšිāļ­ුāļŊ් āļŊීāļē āļēි. āļ¸ුāļŊිāļą්āļ¸ āļšිāļ­ුāļŊ් āļœāˇƒ්⎀āļŊ āļ…āļ­ු āļšāļŠා āļ’⎀ා āļ…⎀්⎀ේ ⎀ේāļŊා āļœāļąු āļŊāļļāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‰āļą් āļ…āļąāļ­ුāļģු⎀ āļœිāļą්āļ¯āļģිāļą් āļģāļ­්āļšāļģ āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­ āļąැ⎀ෙāļą āļ…āļēුāļģිāļą් ⎃āļšāˇƒ් āļšāļģ āļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āļ‹āļ´āļģිāļ¸ āļ¯ිāļœ āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 2āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€āļą āļšිāļ­ුāļŊ් āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­āļ§ āļ…āļ¸ුāļĢāļą āļŊāļĢු⎀ ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļ­ංāļœු⎃් āļąූāļŊ් āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēේ āļ¯ී āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēිāļą් āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ…āļą්āļąා⎃ි āļšො⎅āļēේ āļšෙāļŗි āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļąු āļŊැāļļු⎀ා.

2. āļļිāļŊී āļšāļ§ු⎀ 

āļļිāļŊීāļšāļ§ු⎀ ⎃ාāļ¯ාāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ ්āļ ු⎀āļš් ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļ¯ැāļŊිāļ´ොāļ­්āļ­ āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා. āļ¯ැāļŊිāļ´ොāļ­්āļ­ āļēāļąු⎀ෙāļą් ⎄āļŗුāļą්⎀āļą්āļąේ  āļ¯ැāļŊ්āļŊාāļœේ āļ´ිāļ§ āļ†āˇ€āļģāļĢāļē āļēි. ⎀ෙāļģ⎅ේ āļ¯ී ⎃ුāļŊāļˇāˇ€ ⎄āļ¸ු⎀āļą āļ¯ැāļŊිāļ´ොāļ­ු āļ‘āļšāļ­ු āļšāļģāļœāļą්āļąා āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēිāļą් āļ’⎀ා āļ¸ිāļģිāļ¯ිāļēෙāļą් ⎃ෝāļ¯ා ⎃āļ­ි āļ­ුāļąāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ¯ුāļ¸ෙ⎄ි āļ­āļļා ⎀ිāļē⎅ා āļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āļ‰āļą් āļ…āļąāļ­ුāļģු⎀ āļ¯ැāļŊිāļ´ොāļ­්āļ­ āļšුāļŠා āļšැāļļāļŊි⎀āļŊāļ§ āļšāļ´ා āļ‘āļ¸ āļšුāļŠා āļšැāļļāļŊි āļœāļŊ් āļŊෑāļŊ්āļŊāļš āļ­āļļා āļœිāļą්āļ¯āļģ āļ¸āļŸිāļą් āļģāļ­්āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘āļŊෙ⎃ āļģāļ­්āļšිāļģීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒු⎀ āļļිāļŊී āļšāļ§ු⎀ෙāļą් āļ…āļ ්āļ ු⎀ ⎃ාāļ¯ා āļœāļą්āļąා āļ…āļ­āļģ, āļ‹āļĢු āļšāļģāļœāļ­් ⎃ුāļ¯ු āļŠāļēāļ¸් āļ¯ිāļēāļģāļē āļ…āļ ්āļ ු⎀āļ§ āˇ€āļ­්āļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘āļ¸ āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļŊිāļē āļ…āˇ€āˇƒāļą් ⎀ී ⎀ිāļąාāļŠි 5āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļœāļ­āˇ€āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ…āļ ්āļ ු⎀ෙāļą් āļļිāļŊී āļšāļ§ු⎀ āļœāļŊ⎀ා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšිāļēි. 

3. āļģිāļ§ 

āļ¸ුāļŊ් āļēුāļœāļēේ āļ¯ී āļ‡āļŊ⎃්āļ§ෝāļąිāļēා āļŊීāļēෙāļą් ⎃ෑāļ¯ූ āļģිāļ§āļš් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļු⎀ා. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් ⎀āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļąāļē ⎀āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļšāļŗුāļģු, āļšāļŠොāļŊ් ⎀ැāļąි āļŊී ⎀āļģ්āļœāļēāļšිāļą් ⎃ෑāļ¯ූ āļģිāļ§āļš් ⎄ෝ āļœැāļŊ්⎀āļąāļēි⎃් āļļāļ§āļēāļš් āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļēොāļ¯ාāļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. ⎀āļŠාāļ­්āļ¸ āļ…āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු āļšාāļģ්āļēāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļ¸ āļģිāļ§ āļąොāļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ ⎃ිāļ§āˇ€ීāļ¸ āļēි.

       


āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēෙāļą් āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āļ…āļŊ්āļŊāļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļē 

āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා ⎀āļŠාāļ­්āļ¸ āˇƒුāļ¯ු⎃ු ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļšැ⎅āļšිāļŊි āļģ⎄ිāļ­ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ු āļ­ීāļģāļē āļēි. āļ¸ුāļŊිāļą්āļ¸ āļ­ිāļēුāļĢු āļŊෙ⎃ āļ‹āļŊ්āļšāļģ āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļģිāļ§ āļšොāļģāļŊ්āļ´āļģ⎀āļŊ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎃ිāļ¯ුāļģු⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ­āļļා  ⎃ෙ.āļ¸ී 5-8āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļœැāļšුāļģāļ§ āˇƒිāļ§āˇ€āļąු āļŊāļļāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘⎄ි āļ¯ී āļģිāļ§ āļ…⎀āļ§ āļœāļŊ්āļ´āļ­ුāļģු āļ­āļļා ⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļ¸āļ­්⎀ āˇƒāˇ€ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ුāļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘āļ¸ āļģිāļ§ෙ⎄ි āļ´ොāļ­්āļ­ āļąොāļœāļŊ⎀ා āˇƒāˇ€ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēāļą් āļ´ුāļģුāļ¯ු ⎀ී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą්āļąේ āļģිāļ§ෙ⎄ි āļ¯ිāļē ⎃ෙ⎀āļŊ āļļැāļŗීāļ¸ āļąි⎃ා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą් āļ‘āļ¸ āļģිāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļą්āļąāļēāļ§ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢෙāļą āļąි⎃ා āļēි. āļļො⎄ෝ ⎀ිāļ§ āļ¯ිāļē ⎃ෙ⎀āļŊ āļšෑāļ¸āļ§ āļ‘āļą āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēිāļą් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēාāļœේ āļļිāļŊී āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­āļ§ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු⎀ෙāļą් āˇ„āˇƒු⎀āļą āļąි⎃ා āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļ‘āļ¸ āļ‹āļ´āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āļ…āļąුāļœāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāļģāļąāˇ€ා. āļ‰āļą් āļ´āˇƒු⎀ āļšāļģු⎀ āˇƒāˇ€ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļŊී āļ¯ෙāļšāļš් ⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļ¸āļ­්⎀, ⎃āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļģ⎀ āļ­āļļා āļŊāļĢු ⎄ෝ āļģෙāļ¯ිāļ´āļ§ි⎀āļŊිāļą් āļœැāļ§ āļœāˇƒා āˇƒāˇ€ිāļšāļģ āļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āļ‘⎄ි āļ¯ී āļ‰āļ­ාāļ¸āļ­් ⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļ¸āļ­් āļ‡āļ§āļ¸ිāļŊ්āļŊ ⎀ැāļąි āļŊීāļēāļš් ⎄āļģ⎃්āļŊීāļē āļŊෙ⎃ āļēොāļ¯ා āļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āļ‡āļ­ැāļ¸් āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽා⎀āļŊ āļšāļģු⎀āļš් āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļŊීāļēāļš් āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļēෝāļœ්‍āļē āļļ⎀ āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ āļēි. āļ‘⎀ැāļąි āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽා⎀āļš් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි ⎀ිāļ§ āļ‰āļ­ා ⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļ¸āļ­් āļŊී āļ¯ෙāļšāļš් ⎄āļģ⎃් āļŊීāļē āļ¸āļ­ āļļැāļŗ āļœāļą්āļąāˇ€ා. āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēා āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āļ‡āļŊ්āļŊීāļ¸ේ āļēෙāļ¯ෙāļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļ¸ āˇ„āļģ⎃් āļŊීāļē āļ¸āļ­ āˇƒිāļ§āļœෙāļą āļēි. āļ¸ෙ⎄ිāļ¯ී āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēිāļą්āļ§ āļļ⎄ුāļŊ⎀āļ¸ āˇ„āļ¸ු⎀āļą්āļąේ āļšුāļ¸්āļļāļŊා⎀ා, āļšෝāļģāļŊු⎀ා, āļ‡āˇ„ැāļŊāļ¸්āļļāļģු⎀ා, āļšොāļģāļšුāļģු⎀ා, āļļොāļŊ්āļŊāļą්, ⎄ුāļģුāļŊ්āļŊා, ⎃ාāļŊāļēා ⎀ැāļąි āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ āļēි.

āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēාāļ§ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ´ුāļģාāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē āļ…āˇƒ්⎀ැāļą්āļą āļŊāļļාāļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි⎀ීāļ¸ āˇ€ි⎁ේ⎂āļ­්⎀āļēāļšි.āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļ­ිāļģ⎃ාāļģ āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļ­āˇ„⎀ුāļģු āļšāļģāļą āļ¸āˇ€් āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē āļœāˇ„āļĢāļēේ āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļēāļ¸් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļšිāļą් ⎄ෝ āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą්āļąේ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēෙāļąි. āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą් āļģංāļ ු ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢෙāļą āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāˇ€āļŊ āļšාāļŊ ⎀ේāļŊා⎀ āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēāļą් āļ­āļ¸ āļ…āļ­්āļ¯ැāļšීāļ¸් ⎀āļŊිāļą් āļ¯ැāļą āˇ„āļŗුāļąා āļœෙāļą āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļ‘āļ¸ āļš්⎂ේāļ­්‍āļģāļēේ āļąිāļēැāļŊීāļ¸ෙāļąි. āļ‰āļ­ා āļšෙāļ§ි āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļ­ු⎅ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ෙāļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēා āļ´ෙāļģ⎀āļģු5.30 ⎃ිāļ§ āļ´āˇƒ්⎀āļģු 5.00 .āļ­් 6.00 āļ­් āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎀ැāļŠි ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļģැāļšිāļēා⎀ේ āļąිāļģāļ­āˇ€āļąු āļ¯ැāļšිāļē ⎄ැāļšිāļē.





āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļąāļēāļ§ āļ†āļšāļģ්⎂āļĢāļē ⎀ී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą āˇ€ිāļ¯ෙ⎃් ⎃ංāļ ාāļģāļšāļēිāļą් 

āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ෙāļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēිāļą් āļēāļąු ⎀ිāļ¯ෙ⎃් ⎃ංāļ ාāļģāļšāļēිāļą්āļœේ āļ†āļšāļģ්⎂āļĢāļē

āļąොāļ¸āļŗāˇ€ āļ¯ිāļąාāļœෙāļą āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āļ´ිāļģි⎃āļš්. āļļො⎄ෝ ⎀ිāļ§ āˇ€ිāļ¯ෙ⎃් ⎃ංāļ ාāļģāļš āļąāļŠāļēāļš් āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢි ⎀ිāļ§

 āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ´ෙāļąී ⎃ිāļ§ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēිāļą්āļ§ āļēāļ¸් āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊāļš් ⎄ිāļ¸ි⎀āļąāˇ€ා.

āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļ¯ෙ⎃් ⎃ංāļ ාāļģāļšāļēිāļą් āļģිāļ§ āļ¸āļ­āļ§ āļąැāļœ āļļිāļŊී āļ´ිāļ­්āļ­ āļ…āļ­āļ§ āļœෙāļą āļĄාāļēාāļģූāļ´āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āļ´ෙāļąී ⎃ිāļ§ීāļą්āļąේ āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēිāļą්āļ§ āˇ€ැāļŠි āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊāļš් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ෙāļ¸ිāļą්. āļ‘āļ¸ āļąි⎃ාāļ¸ āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē āļšාāļŊ ⎃āļ¸āļēේ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēිāļą්āļ§ āˇƒංāļ ාāļģāļšāļēāļą්āļœෙāļą් āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āļ´්āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸් āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāļēāļš් ⎀ුāļĢා.




āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļē āļ…āļˇා⎀āļēāļ§ āļēāļ¸ිāļą් āļ­ිāļļෙāļąāˇ€ා 

 āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ු āļ¯ිāļē āļ…āļ­āļģāļ¸ැāļ¯ āļģ⎅āļ´āˇ„āļģ ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āļœැāļ§ෙāļ¸ිāļą් āļ‘āļš් āļģිāļ§āļš āˇƒāļ¸āļļāļģ⎀ ⎄ිāļŗ āļ¸ා⎅ුāļļාāļą āļ¸ෙāāļ°ී⎀āļģāļēාāļœේ āļĸී⎀āļą āļģāļ§ා⎀ āļąāļ¸් āļ‘āļ­āļģāļ¸් ⎃ුāļą්āļ¯āļģ āļąැāļ­. āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēේ ⎃ිāļ§ āļ­āļ¸ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒේ ⎀ිāļēāļ¯āļ¸ āˇƒොāļēාāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē ⎀ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļēෙ⎄ි āļąිāļēැ⎅ුāļĢු āļ¸ො⎀ුāļą් āļ´āˇƒු āļšāļŊෙāļš āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ‹āļģුāļ¸ āˇ€ූ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē ⎀ිāļ¯ේ⎁ීāļēāļą්āļ§ āˇƒංāļ ාāļģāļš āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃āļ¯ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšāˇ…ේāļē. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ ⎃ිāļ¯ු āļšāļģāļą āļļ⎄ුāļ¯ිāļą āļēාāļ­්‍āļģා āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ¸ා⎅ු āļ‡āļŊ්āļŊීāļ¸ āˇ„ා āļ¯ැāļŊ් āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē ⎄ේāļ­ුāļšොāļ§āļœෙāļą āļąොāļœැāļšුāļģු ⎀ෙāļģ⎅ āļ­ීāļģāļēāļ§ āļšුāļŠා āļ¸ා⎅ු ⎀āļģ්āļœ āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢීāļ¸ āļ‰āļ­ා āļ…āļŠු ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­. āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēāļą් āļ¯āļšිāļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļē āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ¸āļģු āļ´āˇ„āļģāļš් āļ‘āļŊ්āļŊ āļšොāļ§ āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘⎄ි āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļĩāļŊāļēāļš් ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļļො⎄ෝ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēිāļą් ⎀ිāļ¯ෙ⎃් ⎃ංāļ ාāļģāļšāļēāļą්āļœෙāļą් āļ¸ුāļ¯āļŊ් āļŊāļļාāļœැāļąීāļ¸ේ āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļĢෙāļą් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļēෙāļ¯ෙāļąāˇ€ා.

āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēාāļœේ āļļāļŊාāļ´ොāļģොāļ­්āļ­ු⎀ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļē āļ°ී⎀āļģāļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¸ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļēāļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§āļē.āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āˇ€ෘāļ­්āļ­ිāļē āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēāļš් ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļ…āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļēාං⎁āļēāļ§ āļēāļ§āļ­් ⎀ේ. āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āˇ„ාāļąිāļēāļš් āļąොāļšāļģ ⎃ිāļ¯ුāļšāļģāļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļ´ූāļģු āļ´āļą්āļą āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āļ…āļˇා⎀āļēāļ§ āļēාāļ¸ āļšāļĢāļœාāļ§ුāļ¯ාāļēāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්⎀āļēāļš්. āļ‘āļ¸ āļąි⎃ා āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēිāļą්āļœේ āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­āļē ⎃ුāļģāļš්⎂ිāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ…āļ¯ාāļŊ āļļāļŊāļ°ාāļģීāļą්āļœේ ⎀āļœāļšීāļ¸āļš් ⎀āļąāˇ€ා. āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļąි⎃ි āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ€ෙāļ¸ිāļą් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļē āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšāļģāļœāļ­āˇ„ොāļ­් āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēා āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āļ…āļŊ්āļŊāļą āļ…āļ´ූāļģු āļ¯āˇƒුāļą āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­ āļ´āļģāļ´ුāļģāļ§āļ­් āļ¯ැāļšāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļšි⎀āļąු āļ‡āļ­ි. ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀āļ§ āļ‹āļģුāļ¸ āˇ€ූ āļ¯āļšුāļĢු āļŊāļš āˇƒුāļą්āļ¯āļģāļ­්⎀āļē ⎀ිāļ¯āˇ„ා āļ´ාāļą āļ´ාāļą āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļģිāļ§ිāļ´āļą්āļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļēේ ⎄ා āļ°ී⎀āļģāļēාāļœේ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļœැāļ§āļŊු⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇ€ි⎃āļŗුāļ¸් āļŊāļļාāļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļ´āļ­් ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļšāˇ€ුāļģුāļą්āļ¯ ?


Written by: imansala udeshani

References:

https://prabathfunny.blogspot.com/2017/08/blog-post_1.html?m=1

http://sinhala.newsslbc.lk/?p=8233

http://exoticislandtours.com/sri-lanka/attractions/stilt-fishing/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Thursday, 15 July 2021

Symbiotic relationships in coral reef ecosystem

 

                                    Corals can be seen like rocks, but they are live. They look like plants, but they do not photosynthesis. Corals are colonial animals and can have a single polyp or a colony of thousands of polyps. Each polyp is a tubular sac-like body with a ring of tentacles surrounding their mouth. Polyps range in size from 1-3 mm in diameter for colonial corals. Multiple polyps are linked from the common gastrovascular system. It is helpful for them to share food, water, wastes with surrounding polyps.

                                    When considering about coral reef associators first we need to consider about the symbiotic relationship of corals and other flora and fauna. These relationships are very common near reefs as are so many species associated with coral reefs. As we all know algae and corals are in a symbiotic relationship. Symbioses are perhaps best recognized as a broad category of heterospecific associations embracing various degrees of adaptive interaction. There are 3 types of symbiotic relationships. They are,
                                    (1) Mutualism
                                    (2) Parasitism
                                    (3) Commensalism

 

                                     


Now let’s consider each step by step  

(1) Mutualism 

When two organisms of different types of species work together and each is getting benefits from the relationship. This is two types. They are obligate and facultative relationships. 0bligate mutualism is known as neither organism can live without another. Relationship between hard corals and algae is an obligate mutualistic relationship. As corals do not photosynthesis algae produce organic substances and provide them to corals and corals provide space for algae to live.

Relationship between the sea anemones and clown fish is also an obligate mutualistic relationship. Sea anemones are predators and they are attached themselves to a rock or the ocean floor. They capture prey and it is paralyzed by using their poisonous tentacles. But clown fish is used to live among anemone’s tentacles as it has a mucus layer all over the body which is immune to the deadly sting of the anemone. Therefore, clownfish get protection from predators. Not only that, clown fish helps to feed the anemone by letting them eat their left over and by luring fish over to the anemone. 


Source: journals.plos.org


When consider about facultative mutualistic relationship it is known as species benefit from one
another, but do not fully depend on one another.Relationship between shrimp or smaller fish and larger
marine organisms can be taken as an example. Shrimps remove materials like parasites from larger organisms in which they get meal from. Removal of harmful parasites is the benefit that get for larger animals.Examples for those smaller fish are bluehead wrasse, Spanish hogfish. Often time larger fish wait in cleaning stations for the cleaner fish to come and get these things off of them. Sometimes these smaller fish become the meal of the larger fish. 



(2) Parasitism

On coral reefs parasitic interactions are incredibly common and varied. Here only one of the species is benefited. Parasites gain from the relationship and another species get harmed. Petasites are two types and they are ectoparasites and endoparasites. Ectoparasites live on outside of the host body and ectoparasites live inside of the host body.



Isopods involve in a parasitic symbiotic relationship. Some isopods eat the tongue of the fish and live in the fish mouth and act as the tongue of the fish and get all the food the fish takes inside. Then it eats anything that fish eats.


Relationship between the fish lice and small fish is an ectoparasitic relationship. Fish may die if there are too many fish lice attached. Fish lice eat fish body fluid.





Phylum Platyhelminthes parasitic on coral reefs in many different ways. Mainly cause to the heavy loss of the coral cover. Acropora eating flat worm has only been found in the Great Barrier Reef.


(3) Commensalism

Here one species benefits from another species. The other species is neither harmed nor helped in the relationship.

Relationship of jelly fish and small fish is a commensality. When there is a threat small fish hide among the tentacles of the jelly fish and get the protection. But jelly fish do not get any specific harm or a benefit fromthis action.



Relationship between shrimp and feather star is also a commensalism. Shrimp blend with the feather star and use it for protection. When shrimp is hiding it is very difficult to find it.
 


Mimicry

Mimicry is a form of symbiosis where a species may mimic the colors, patterns, behaviors of another species.This may happen for a reason. The organisms who do mimic can get closer to the prey without any suspect, can get protection by imitating a predator or a poisonous species.Mimicry can be two types. They are aggressive mimicry and batesian mimicry. When an animal imitates as a predator it is known as aggressive mimicry and when an animal imitates as a poisonous species it is known and batesian mimicry.





Frog fish, species of angler fish engages in aggressive mimicry. They have a fleshy filament just above its lip with which it mimics the movements of a small organism in order to attract the prey.

Yellowtail snapper is also showing aggressive mimicry. This species mimics the yellow goat fish which go bottom in schools browsing on small invertebrates. By blending in with these schools of non-predatory fish the yellowtail snapper can get closer to small prey fish and can have much higher capture success rate.



Mimic octopus is a remarkable cephalopod which takes on the form of a variety of different animals by bunching up or elongating its arms to mimic anything from a stingray to a lion fish or a sea snake. It uses mimicry for defense and as a predator, which both aggressive and batesian mimic.




Another example of mimicry is between the sabre-tooth blenny and cleaner wrasses. The cleaner wrasse has a mutualistic relationship with larger fish so they don’t get eaten and the sabre-tooth blenny takes advantage of this relationship by evolving to look very similar to cleaner wrasse. Instead of cleaning the larger fish, the sabre-tooth blenny will take a bite out the large fish’s flesh and swim away. This is an example for aggressive mimicry.

Four eye butterfly fish uses a large eye spot in order toappear larger to predators.



written by:
K.P.K. Ashirwadani Amarathilaka 

References:
https://www.thoughtco.com
https://necsi.edu
https://www.briannica.com
https://www.ck12.org
www.nature.com
https://sciencedirect.co.


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Wednesday, 14 July 2021

āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇ€ිāļąි⎀ිāļ¯ āļ¯āļšිāļ¸ු (Penetrating the deep sea)

⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ‘⎄ි āļœැāļšුāļģ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļšි⎄ිāļ´āļēāļšāļ§ āļļෙāļ¯ේ.

                    1. Epipelagic zone (āļ…āļ´ි ⎃āļ¸ුāļ¯්āļģ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē)

                    2. Mesopelagic zone (āļ¸ෝ⎃ෝ ⎃āļ¸ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē )

                    3. Bathypelagic zone (āļ†āļාāļ¯ āˇƒාāļœāļģිāļš āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē)

                    4. Abyssopelagic zone

                    5. Hadopelagic zone


⎃āļ¸ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ ⎃්āļŽāļģ


⎃ාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් Bathypelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 1000-4000 āļœැāļšුāļģ āˇƒāˇ„ Abyssopelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 4000–6000 āļœැāļšුāļģ āļ¯āļš්⎀ා ⎀ි⎄ිāļ¯ේ. āļšෙ⎃ේ ⎀ෙāļ­āļ­්, Bio-luminance (⎃්⎀āļēං āļ†āļŊෝāļšāļē āļąිāļ´āļ¯āˇ€ීāļ¸) ⎀ැāļąි āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ āļĸී⎀ීāļą්āļœේ āļŊāļš්⎂āļĢ Mesopelagic (āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 200-1000 āļœැāļšුāļģු) āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļ¯ āļ¯ැāļšිāļē ⎄ැāļšිāļē. Mesopelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļēāļąු Disphotic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļēි. āļ‘āļēිāļą් āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļ†āļŊෝāļšāļē āļ…⎀āļ¸, āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ­āˇ€āļ¸āļ­් āļ¸ැāļąිāļē ⎄ැāļšි āļļ⎀āļēි. ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēේ ⎃්āļŽාāļąāļē āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ”āļš්⎃ිāļĸāļą් āļ…⎀āļ¸ āˇƒ්āļŽāļģāļē āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 700 āļ­් 1000 āļ­් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļœැāļšුāļģāļš āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļē āļ´ෝ⎂්‍āļē āļ´āļ¯ාāļģ්āļŽ āļļ⎄ුāļŊ ⎀āļą āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāļē āļ¯ āˇ€ේ. Bathypelagic āˇƒāˇ„ Abyssopelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļ‹āļ¯ා⎃ීāļą āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļēිāļą් āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēේ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļēāļ§ āļšි⎃ිāļ¯ු āļ†āļŊෝāļšāļēāļš් ⎀ිāļąි⎀ිāļ¯ āļąොāļēāļą āļļ⎀āļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āˇ€ා⎃āļē āļšāˇ… ⎄ැāļšි ⎃ාāļœāļģ āļ…⎀āļšා⎁āļēෙāļą් 75% āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€ේ.


Epipelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē (āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ 0-200) āļēāļąු āļ†āļŊෝāļšāļē āļĸāļŊāļēāļ§ āˇ€ිāļąි⎀ිāļ¯ āļēāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´්‍āļģāļˇා⎃ං⎁්āļŊේ⎂āļĢāļē ⎃ිāļ¯ු ⎀ේ. āļ¸ෙāļē Photic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļŊෙ⎃āļ¯ āˇ„ැāļŗිāļą්⎀ේ. āļ¸ෙāļē ⎃ාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļēāļēෙāļą් āļĸāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් ⎃ිāļē āļœāļĢāļąāļš් āļ´āˇ„⎅ිāļą් ⎀ි⎄ිāļ¯ෙāļą āļąි⎃ා ⎃ාāļœāļģ āļ´āļģිāļ¸ා⎀ෙāļą් 90% āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āļ…āļŗුāļģේ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āļ¯ āļ…āļ­ි⎁āļēිāļą්āļ¸ āˇ„ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļąො⎀āļą āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļš් ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‹āˇ‚්āļĢāļ­්⎀āļē āļšāļŊාāļ­ුāļģāļšිāļą් 3 ° C (37.4 ° F) āļ‰āļš්āļ¸āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ −1.8 C (28.76 ° F) āļ­āļģāļ¸් āļ…āļŠු āļ…āļœāļēāļš් āļœāļąී (350 C ⎄ෝ 662 ° F āļ‰āļš්āļ¸āˇ€ිāļē ⎄ැāļšි āļĸāļŊ āļ­ාāļ´ āˇ€ාāļ­ා⎁්‍āļģ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ි ⎄ැāļģ). āļ…āļŠු āļ”āļš්⎃ිāļĸāļą් āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļē ⎀ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊ 20 āļ­් 1,000 āļ­්  ( 2 MPa āļ­් 100 MPa āļ­් ) āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎀ේ.


āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą āļ¸āˇƒුāļą්, ⎃ූāļģ්āļēාāļŊෝāļšāļē āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ¸āļ­ුāļ´ිāļ§ āļĸāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ´āˇ„⎅ිāļą් āļ…āļą්āļ°āļšාāļģāļēේ āļĸී⎀āļ­් ⎀āļą āˇƒāļ­ුāļą් ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļ¸ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ Epipelagic ⎄ෝ Photic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āļ´āˇ„⎅ිāļą් āļ´ි⎄ිāļ§ා āļ‡āļ­. āļœැāļšුāļģු ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēේ āļĸāļŊāļē Epipelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēāļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļļෙ⎄ෙ⎀ිāļą් āļ´āˇ„⎅āļ§ āˇ€ි⎄ිāļ¯ෙāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļœැāļšුāļģු āļšāļŊාāļ´āˇ€āļŊ āļĸී⎀āļ­්⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļąු⎀āļģ්āļ­āļąāļē ⎀ූ ⎀ි⎀ිāļ°ාāļšාāļģ Pelagic āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āļ‡āļ­. Lanternfish, Flashlight fish, Cookiecutter shark, Bristlemouths, Anglerfish, Viperfish āˇƒāˇ„ Eelpout ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ු āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් ⎀ේ.


Coryphaenoides armatus

Gigantacitis gargantua


Melanocetus johnsonii


āļ¸ා⎅ු⎀ෙāļšු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯āļ§ āļœැāļšුāļģāļ§ āļœāļ¸āļą් āļšāļģāļą āˇ€ිāļ§, āļĸāļŊāļēේ āļ‰āˇ„⎅ිāļą් āļ‡āļ­ි āļļāļģ āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļ¸āļ­ āļĸāļŊ ⎃්āļŽිāļ­ිāļš āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļē ⎀ැāļŠි āļšāļģāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠි⎀āļą āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļē ⎃ෑāļ¸ āļ¸ීāļ§āļģ් 10 āļš්āļ¸ āļœැāļšුāļģāļ§ āļ‘āļš් ⎃āļ¸්āļ¸āļ­ āˇ€ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊāļēāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€ේ (āļ‘āļš් ⎀ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊāļēāļš් āļēāļąු āļ‰āˇ„āļ­ āˇ€ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊāļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ āļ¸āļ­ුāļ´ිāļ§ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļēāļēි). Bathypelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļ´āļ­ුāļŊේ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēෙāļšුāļ§ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļē ⎀ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊ 400 āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€ේ (⎀āļģ්āļœ āļ…āļŸāļŊāļšāļ§ āļģාāļ­්āļ­āļŊ් 6000 āļšāļ§ āļ†āˇƒāļą්āļą āˇ€ේ). 


āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ු āļĸී⎀ීāļą්āļ§ āˇƒෛāļŊීāļē ⎄ා āļˇෞāļ­ිāļš āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸්⎀āļŊ āļ…āļąු⎀āļģ්āļ­āļąāļēāļą් āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļ¸āļŸිāļą් ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļēāļšිāļą් āļēුāļ­් āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļš āļĸී⎀āļ­් ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ‰āļŠ āˇƒāļŊ⎃āļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļąු⎀āļģ්āļ­āļąāļēāļą් āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ි ⎀ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļąොāļœැāļšුāļģු āļĸāļŊ ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ āļœැāļšුāļģැ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āˇ€āļŊ ⎀ි⎄ිāļ¯ී āļēා ⎄ැāļšි āļœැāļšුāļģ ⎃ීāļ¸ා āļšāļģāļēි. āļļා⎄ිāļģ āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļēේ āļ‰āˇ„⎅ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸් āļ´āļģි⎀ෘāļ­්āļ­ීāļē āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļŊීāļą් ⎄ා āļĸෛ⎀ āļģ⎃ාāļēāļąිāļš āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļš්‍āļģිāļēා āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļēāļ§ āļēāļą āļ†āļšාāļģāļē āļšෙāļģෙ⎄ි āļļāļŊāļ´ාāļēි.āļ‘āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ´ීāļŠāļą āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ āļąි⎃ා āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් ⎃ෛāļŊීāļē āļ­āļģāļŊāļēේ ⎃ංāļāļ§āļš āļĸāļŊ ⎀්‍āļēු⎄āļēāļ§ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸āļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļšāļģāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒāļ§ āļ…āļąු⎀āļģ්āļ­āļąāļē ⎀ීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ āļ¸āˇƒුāļą්āļœේ āļ´්‍āļģෝāļ§ීāļą් ⎀්‍āļēු⎄āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļš්‍āļģිāļēා āļąිāļģ්āļĢාāļēāļš āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ­āļ­්⎀āļēāļą්⎄ි āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļš්‍āļģිāļēා ⎃ිāļ¯ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ´ීāļŠāļąāļēāļ§ āļ”āļģොāļ­්āļ­ු āļ¯ෙāļą āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි ⎃āļšāˇƒ් āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­.  


āļœැāļšුāļģුāļ¸ āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē ⎀āļą Hadopelagic āļšāļŊාāļ´āļē āļ…⎀āļ¸ āļŊෙ⎃ āļœāˇ€ේ⎂āļĢāļē āļšāˇ… ⎄ා āļ…āļ­ි⎁āļēිāļą්āļ¸ āˇ€ි⎄ිāļ¯ුāļąු ⎃ාāļœāļģ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ි āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃ැāļŊāļšේ. āļ’⎀ා ⎄ිāļģු āļ‘⎅ිāļē āļąොāļ¸ැāļ­ිāļšāļ¸, āļ…āļŠු āļ‹āˇ‚්āļĢāļ­්⎀āļē, āļ´ෝ⎂āļš āˇ„ිāļŸāļē ⎀ැāļąි āļšāļģැāļĢු ⎀āļŊිāļą් ⎃āļ¸āļą්⎀ිāļ­ āˇ€ේ. āļļො⎄ෝ āļĸී⎀ීāļą් ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෘāļ­ෝāļ´āļĸී⎀ිāļą්āļē. āļ¯ැāļąāļ§ 400 āļšāļ§ āļ…āļ°ිāļš āˇ€ි⎁ේ⎂ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ි ⎀āļŊිāļą් āļ¯āļą්āļąා āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ’⎀ාāļēිāļą් āļļො⎄ොāļ¸āļēāļš් āļ†āļą්āļ­ිāļš āļ´ාāļģි⎃āļģිāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්⎀āļēāļą්āļ§ āļˇෞāļ­ිāļš āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļ…āļąු⎀āļģ්āļ­āļąāļēāļą් āļ‡āļ­. 


Written by: Malithi Hansika Palliyaguru

References :

Haedrich RL (1996) "Deep-water fishes: evolution and adaptation in the earth's largest living spaces" Journal of Fish Biology

Sutton, T.T. (Nov 2005). "Trophic ecology of the deep-sea fish Malacosteus niger (Pisces: Stomiidae): An enigmatic feeding ecology to facilitate a unique visual system?". Deep-Sea Research

                                                   

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