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Tuesday, 29 June 2021

Alongshore webinar series ; Webinar #1

 āļ¸ාāļąāˇ€ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļšāļģāļšāļ¸් ⎀āļŊ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸ āˇ„ේāļ­ු⎀ෙāļą් āļŊො⎀ ⎀āļ§ා āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļē ⎀āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļąāļē ⎀āļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļąි⎃ා āļ¯ැāļŠි āļ…āļģ්āļļුāļ¯āļēāļšāļ§ āļŊāļš්⎀ී āļ‡āļ­. 


āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€්‍āļē⎃āļąāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āļ…āļ´ āˇƒැ⎀ොāļ¸ āļ¯ැāļąු⎀āļ­් ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļšාāļŊāļē āļ‘⎅āļš āļ‡āļ­ි āļļැ⎀ිāļą් "āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āˇ€āˇƒංāļœāļ­āļē ⎄ා āļ…āļ´āļœේ āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­āļē" āļēāļą āļ¸ාāļ­ෘāļšා⎀ āļ”āˇƒ්⎃ේ ⎁්‍āļģී āļĸāļē⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļ´ුāļģ ⎀ි⎁්⎀⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊāļēේ ⎃āļ­්āļ­්⎀ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēා  āļ…āļ°්‍āļēāļąාං⎁āļēෙ āļĸ්‍āļēෙ⎂්ā āļšāļŽිāļšාāļ ාāļģ්āļē, āļ†āļ āļģ්āļē āļšāļ¸āļŊ් āļģāļĢāļ­ුංāļœ āļ¸āˇ„āļ­ා ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āˇ€ිāļ¯්⎀āļ­්, ⎄āļģ⎀āļ­් āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļģ⎃āļļāļģ ⎃ාāļšāļ ්āļĄා⎀āļš් āļ‰āļ¯ිāļģිāļ´āļ­්  āļšāļģ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ්‍āļģී āļĸāļē⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļ´ුāļģ ⎀ි⎁්⎀⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļŊāļēේ āļĸāļŊāļĸ āļĸී⎀ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēා ⎁ි⎂්‍āļē ⎃ංāļœāļ¸āļēේ āļ…āļ´ි ⎃ූāļ¯ාāļąāļ¸්.


āļ¯ිāļąāļē      -āļĸූāļąි āļ¸āˇƒ 30 ⎀āļą āļļāļ¯ාāļ¯ා 

⎀ේāļŊා⎀ - āļ´āˇƒ්⎀āļģු 5 ⎃ිāļ§ 6 āļ¯āļš්⎀ා 


āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāļœāļ­ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēāļą් āļ”āˇƒ්⎃ේ ZOOM āļ­ාāļš්⎂āļĢāļē ⎄āļģ⎄ා āļ”āļļāļ§āļ­් āļ¸ේ āļ…āļœāļąා āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽා⎀ ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āļ…āļ´ āˇ„ා ⎃āļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇ€ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļš.


āļ´āˇ„āļ­ āˇƒāļļැāļŗිāļē ⎄āļģ⎄ා āļ”āļļāļ§ āļ‘āļ¯ිāļą āˇƒාāļšāļ ්āļĄා⎀āļ§ āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇ€ිāļē ⎄ැāļš.

https://learn.zoom.us/j/65714377255?pwd=b0RlSTU1ZGJzQzB3dTVQa1luKy90QT09

Meeting ID - 657 1437 7255

Passcode   - NOSUP@21k


#Alongshore #WebinarSeries #FreeWebinar #USJAquatics




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Sunday, 20 June 2021

Types of Fluid Flow in Hydrodynamics

 


Fluids which are in motion has four basic characteristics which include volume, density, pressure and velocity. Based on how these parameters change there are six types of fluid flow in hydrodynamics.

1.Uniform & Non Uniform Fluid Flow



In an uniform flow, the velocity of fluid at any given time does not change with respect to space and in non uniform flow velocity varies from point to point.


When an open channel is considered, its flow is uniform if the depth, mean velocity and discharge rate do not change along the length of the channel at a given instant of time.

 

Non uniform flow takes place due to gradual or sudden changes in the cross sectional area and the flow through a pipeline of constant diameter is said to be uniform.

 

 2.Steady & Unsteady Flow

 

Source (mechanicalwalkings.com)



Steady flow is a flow in which the velocity, pressure and density of liquid is constant at any point with respect to time and where those parameters change results an unsteady flow.

 

Flow of a liquid through a pipeline of variable diameter at a constant pressure head is steady.

 

Flow of a liquid through a pipe of variable diameter under variable pressure due to changing water level of a reservoir or by the opening or closure of a valve connected to the pipe.

 

3.Laminar & Turbulent Flow


 


(Source: Theconstructor.org) (Left- Laminar Right –Turbulent )


In laminar flow fluid particles move in straight paths and they are parallel to each other with no disruption between the layers. Blood flowing throughout the body follows laminar flow.
 
In turbulent flow fluid particles do not move in straight paths and move in zig zag paths excluding straight and parallel condition. In here, rapid variation of pressure and flow velocity in space and time takes place. 
When a flow is considered it can be turbulent, laminar or in between which is measured by Reynolds number. Laminar flow occurs at high viscosity and lower velocity.


4.Compressible & Incompressible Fluid Flow

(Source: Chegg.com)


In compressible flow the density of fluid is not constant from point to point and it keeps on changing. Any fluid flow which exceeds Mach number 0.8 is treated as compressible. Compressible flows can be transonic (0.8-1.2) or supersonic (1.2-3.0).

 

In incompressible flow, the density is constant from point to point. Incompressible flow modelling is being used widely in computational fluid dynamics including simulation of liquid flow.

5.Rotational & Irrotational Fluid Flow

Irrotational Flow ( trekearth.com)

In rotational flow the fluid particles show streamline motion and the fluid particles rotate about its own axis. In irrotational flow also, the fluid particles show streamline motion but particles does not rotate about its own axis.

Consider water flowing down a drain:

Rotational Flow (The journal.ie)

It flows clockwise in southern hemisphere and anticlockwise in northern hemisphere due to rotation of individual water molecules as a result of acceleration due to gravity.

The flow of water over a dam where water falls straight down is an example of irrotational flow.

6.1D,2D &3D Fluid Flow



Source-biomedical-Engineering-online.biomedcentral.com

 

In 1D flow the fluid is moving only in one dimension either x, y or z. In here, all the flow parameters are expressed as function of time and one space coordinate only. The space implies the distance measured along the centre line in which the fluid is flowing.

Under practical scenarios the flow is never 1D as the viscosity of fluids causes the velocity to decrease to zero at solid boundaries.

In 2D flow the fluid is moving in two dimensions either xy, zx or yx. Flow parameters are functions of time and two space coordinates. Similar streamline patterns can be seen in all planes at right angles to z direction at any moment.

In 3D flow, the fluid is moving in three dimensions either xyz, zyx or yzx.

 

 

Compiled by: G.M.D.V.D.Somarathna & P.A.D.E. Kulathilaka

References:themechanicalengineering.com

                :globalnodes.org

                :www.trekearth.com



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Friday, 18 June 2021

⎃ිāļŗී āļœිāļē āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ ( Crisis of the Aral sea )

 

⎀āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුā

āļ¸ිāļąි⎃ා ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ‰āļš්āļ¸āļą් āļšāļģ⎀āļą āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ි āļ­āļŊāļēේ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒාāļąāļē ⎃ි⎄ිāļ´āļ­් āļšāļģāļą āļ›ේāļ¯āˇ€ාāļ āļšāļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ…āļ´āļ§ āˇƒිāļŗී āļœිāļē āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āļ´ෙāļą්⎀ිāļē ⎄ැāļš. āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āļ…āļ­ුāļģුāļ¯āˇ„āļą් ⎀ුāļēේ āļšෙ⎃ේāļ¯? āļ¸ේ āļ’ āļœැāļą āļšෙāļ§ි ⎀ිāļ¸āˇƒා āļļැāļŊීāļ¸āļšි.

āļ¸āļ°්‍āļēāļ¸ āļ†āˇƒිāļēා⎀ේ āļšāˇƒāļšāˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāļēේāļ­්  āļ‹āˇƒ්āļļāļšි⎃්āļŽාāļąāļēේāļ­් āļ¯ේ⎁⎃ීāļ¸ා āļ¸ාāļēāļ¸් āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ´ි⎄ිāļ§ා āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āļšāļŊāļš් āļŊො⎀ ⎃ි⎀්⎀ැāļąි ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊāļ­āļ¸ āļœොāļŠāļļිāļ¸ිāļą් ⎀āļ§ āˇ€ූ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ ( Inland sea) āļŊෙ⎃ āļąāļ¸් āļšෙāļģිāļĢි. ⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ āļ­āļģāļ¸් ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊāļ­්⎀āļēāļšිāļą් āļēුāļ­ු āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇƒāļš්‍āļģීāļē⎀ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ී āļ…⎀āļ¯ිāļēේāļ¯ී 68000 km2 āļ­āļģāļ¸් ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļēāļš් āļ´ුāļģා āļ´ැāļ­ිāļģී āļ­ිāļļූ,  āļ¯ූāļ´āļ­් 1100 āļšāļ§ āļ…āļ°ිāļš āˇƒංāļ›්‍āļēා⎀āļš් āļĸāļŊāļēෙāļą් ⎀āļ§ āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි ⎃ු⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ āļĸāļŊා⎁āļēāļšි. ⎃ැāļļ⎀ිāļą්āļ¸ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯āļš් āļŊෙ⎃ ⎄āļ¯ුāļą්⎀āļąු āļŊැāļļු⎀āļ¯ āļ‘āļē āļ…āļ­ි⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ āļ¸ිāļģිāļ¯ිāļē āļĸāļŊා⎁āļēāļšි. āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇƒāļš්‍āļģීāļē⎀ āļ­ිāļļිāļēāļ¯ී āļ‘⎄ි āļœැāļšුāļģුāļ¸ āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāļē 68 m ⎄ා āļąොāļœැāļšුāļģුāļ¸ āˇƒ්āļŽාāļąāļē 16 m ⎀ූ āļļ⎀āļ§ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා ⎀ේ. “Amu Darya” āˇƒāˇ„ “ Syr Darya” āļœංāļœා⎀āļą් āļ¯ෙāļš āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ´ෝ⎂āļš āļœංāļŸා⎀āļą් ⎀ිāļē.


⎃ෝ⎀ිāļēāļ§් āļģු⎃ිāļēාāļąු ⎃ාāļ¸ු⎄ාāļĢ්āļŠු⎀ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි ⎃āļ¸āļēේ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇƒෝ⎀ිāļēāļ§් ⎃ාāļ¸ු⎄ාāļĢ්āļŠු⎀āļ§ āļ…āļēāļ­්⎀ āļ­ිāļļූ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘⎄ි āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා⎀ ⎃āļ¯āˇ„ා ⎃ෝ⎀ිāļēāļ§් āļģු⎃ිāļēāļą් āļēුāļ¯ āļąැ⎀් āļšි⎄ිāļ´āļēāļš් āļēොāļ¯āˇ€ා āļ­ිāļļූ āļļ⎀āļ§āļ¯ āˇ€ාāļģ්āļ­ා ⎀ේ. āļ‘āļšāļŊ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇƒෝ⎀ිāļēāļ§් āļģු⎃ිāļēා⎀ේ ⎃ි⎀්⎀ැāļąි ⎀ි⎁āļŊāļ­ā āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļšāļēා āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃ෝ⎀ිāļēāļ§් āļ…āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēāļ§ āˇ€ි⎁ාāļŊ āļ¯ාāļēāļšāļ­්⎀āļēāļš් āļŊāļļා āļ¯ී āļ‡āļ­. ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ āļĸෛ⎀ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļēāļšāļ§ āˇ„ිāļ¸ිāļšāļ¸් āļšිāļēූ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ āļĸāļŊāļē āļšāļģāļ¯ිāļē ⎀ු⎀āļ­් āļ‘⎄ි āļŊ⎀āļĢāļ­ා⎀āļē ⎃ැāļŊāļšිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļ…āļŠු āļ…āļœāļēāļš āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ීāļ¸ āļąි⎃ා āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ āļĸāļŊāļē ⎀ි⎀ිāļ° āļšෘ⎂ිāļšාāļģ්āļ¸ිāļš āˇ€āļœා⎀āļą්āļ§ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ´ාāļąāļē ⎃āļ¯āˇ„ාāļ¯ āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­. āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ෙ⎄ි ⎃ිāļ¯ු āļšෙāļģුāļĢු āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ¯āˇ… ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļ´ුāļ¯්āļœāļŊāļēāļą් 60000 āļšāļ§ āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļĸී⎀āļąෝāļ´ාāļē ⎃āļŊ⎃ා āļ¯ී āļ­ිāļļේ.

⎁්‍āļģී āļŊංāļšා⎀ ⎄ා ⎃āļ¸ාāļą āˇ€ි⎁ාāļŊāļ­්⎀āļēāļšිāļą් āļēුāļ­ු āļ¸āˇ„ා āļĸāļŊ⎃්āļšāļą්āļ°āļēāļš්  āļ´āˇƒුāļœිāļē āļ¯āˇāļš āļ­ුāļąāļš් āļ­ි⎃්⎃ේ ⎃ිāļ¯ී āļœො⎃් āļ…āļ¯ āˇ€āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āˇ€ැāļŊි āļšාāļą්āļ­ාāļģāļēāļš් āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­්⎀ āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļąා⎁āļēේ ⎀āļœāļšි⎀āļēුāļ­්āļ­āļą්  ⎀āļąුāļēේ āļ‘⎀āļšāļ§ āˇƒෝ⎀ිāļēāļ§් āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļēේ āļ…āļ¯ූāļģāļ¯āļģ්⎁ිāļą් ⎄ා āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ´ිāļŊි⎀ෙāļŊāļēි.

 āˇƒෝ⎀ිāļēāļ§් āļģු⎃ිāļēා⎀ේ āļšāļ´ු ⎀āļœා⎀

            1960 āļ¯āˇāļšāļē āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€āļąāˇ€ිāļ§āļ­් ⎃ෝ⎀ිāļēāļ§් āļģු⎃ිāļēා⎀ āļšාāļą්āļ­ාāļģ āļļිāļ¸්⎀āļŊ āļ…āļ°ිāļš āļĸāļŊ āļ‰āļŊ්āļŊුāļ¸āļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļšāļ´ු ⎀āļœා⎀ ⎀්‍āļēාāļ´්āļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´ිāļē⎀āļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ­් ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āļ”⎀ුāļą් āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ´ෝ⎂āļš āļœංāļŸා⎀āļą් ⎄āļģ⎃් āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļ‰āļ¯ිāļšāˇ… ⎀ාāļģිāļ¸ාāļģ්āļœ āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´ෘāļ­ිāļē ⎄ේāļ­ු⎀ෙāļą් āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯āļ§ āļ´ෝ⎂āļš āļœංāļœා⎀āļą්āļœෙāļą් āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļĸāļŊ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļš්‍āļģāļ¸ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēෙāļą් āļ…āļŠු ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´āļ§āļą් āļœāļ­්āļ­ේāļē. āļšāļ´ු ⎀āļœා⎀ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēෙāļą් āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු⎀ීāļ¸āļ­් ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯āļ§ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļĸāļŊ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļ‰āļ­ා āļ…āļŠු āļ…āļœāļēāļšāļ§ āļ´āļ­්⎀ිāļē. āļ´්‍āļģāļŽāļ¸āļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇƒිāļ¯ී āļēාāļ¸ේ āļ­āļģ්āļĸāļąāļē  1954 ⎀āļģ්⎂āļēේ āļ´āļģ්āļēේ⎂āļšāļēāļą් āļ´ිāļģි⎃āļš් ⎃ොāļēා āļœāļ­්āļ­āļ¯ āļšāļ´ු ⎀āļœා⎀ෙāļą් āļŊැāļļෙāļą āˇ€ි⎁ාāļŊ āļ†āļ¯ාāļēāļ¸ āļąි⎃ා āļ´ාāļŊāļšāļēāļą් ⎀ි⎃ිāļą් āļ‘āļē āļąො⎃āļŊāļšා ⎄āļģිāļą āļŊāļ¯ී.

1965 āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€āļą 50 km3 āļĸāļŊ ⎃්āļšāļą්āļ°āļēāļš්  āļ´ෝ⎂āļš āļœංāļœා⎀āļą්āļœෙāļą් āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯āļ§ āļŊැāļļුāļĢු āļ…āļ­āļģ 1980 ⎀āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āļ‘āļ¸ āļ…āļœāļē āļļිāļą්āļ¯ු⎀ āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­්⎀ිāļē. 1997 ⎀āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āļ‘⎄ි āļ¸ුāļŊ් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēෙāļą්  10% āļš්āļ¸ āļ…āļŠු ⎀ී āļ­ිāļļූ āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļē āļšොāļ§āˇƒ් 4 āļšāļ§ āˇ€ෙāļą් ⎀ුāļąි. 1960 āļ¯āˇāļēේ āļ¸ුāļŊ් āļˇාāļœāļēේ āļ´āļ§āļą් āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āˇ€ූ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ ⎃ිāļŗී āļēාāļ¸ 2010 ⎀āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āļ‰āļ­ා āļšුāļŠා āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļēāļšāļ§ āˇƒීāļ¸ා ⎀ිāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු ⎀ිāļē.


āļš්‍āļģāļ¸ිāļšāˇ€ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇƒිāļ¯ී āļēාā 1977 ⎃ිāļ§ 2013 āļ¯āļš්⎀ා

 

āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇƒිāļ¯ී āļēාāļ¸ේ āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļĩāļŊ

                  ⎀āļģ්⎂ 30 āļš් āļ­ි⎃්⎃ේ āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇ€ිāļēāļŊී āļēාāļ¸āļ­් ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āˇ€ා⎂්āļ´ීāļˇāˇ€āļąāļēāļ§  āļŊāļš් ⎀ුāļąු āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ āļĸāļŊāļēේ āļŊ⎀āļĢāļ­ා⎀āļē ⎄ා āļ›āļąිāļĸ āļŊ⎀āļĢ āˇƒාāļą්āļ¯්‍āļģāļĢāļē āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āļēෙāļą් ⎀ැāļŠි ⎀ිāļē. āļĸāļŊāļĸ āļģ⎃ාāļēāļąāļēේ ⎀ෙāļąāˇƒ් ⎀ීāļ¸ āļĸāļŊāļĸ āļĸෛ⎀ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļēāļ§ āļ…⎄ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸් āļ‡āļ­ි āļšāļģ⎀ිāļē. āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļąāļēāļ¯ āˇƒැ⎅āļšිāļē āļēුāļ­ු  āļŊෙ⎃ āļ´āˇ„āļŊ ⎀ැāļ§ිāļĢි. āļ…āļ¯ āˇ€āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āļ…āļ°ිāļš āļŊ⎀āļĢāļ­ා⎀āļē ⎄ා ⎀ි⎂ āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļļ⎀ āļąි⎃ා āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ේ āļĸී⎀āļē āļ…āļ­ුāļģුāļ¯āˇ„āļą් ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ­āļ­්⎀āļē āļąි⎃ා āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­  āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļēේ āļ´ාං⎁ු āļŊ⎀āļĢāļ­ා⎀āļē  āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļœො⎃් āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ‘āļ¸ āļąි⎃ා āļˇූāļœāļ­ āļĸāļŊāļēāļ¯ āļ¯ූ⎂āļĢāļē ⎀ි āļ‡āļ­.

                   āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇƒිāļŗී āļēාāļ¸āļ­් ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀ූ āļ¯āļģුāļĢු āļ´ාāļģ⎃āļģිāļš āˇ€ිāļ´āļģ්āļēා⎃āļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ ⎀ි⎂ āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļŊුāļĢු āļšුāļĢාāļ§ු āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŊි āļšුāļĢාāļ§ු āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀ීāļ¸ āļ¯ැāļš්⎀ිāļē ⎄ැāļš. āļ…āļ°ිāļš āļŊෙ⎃ āļŊ⎀āļĢ āļ­ැāļą්āļ´āļ­් ⎀ූ ⎃ිāļŗී āļœිāļē āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ු āļ´āļ­ුāļŊ ⎄āļģ⎄ා ⎄āļ¸ා āļēāļą āˇ€ි⎂ āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āļŊුāļĢු āļ¸ි⎁්‍āļģිāļ­ āˇƒු⎅ං āļ’ āļ…⎀āļ§ āļˇුāļ¸ිāļēේ āļĸෛ⎀ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļēāļ§āļ¯ āˇ€ි⎁ාāļŊ āļŊෙ⎃ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸් āļ‡āļ­ිāļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļšෘ⎂ිāļšාāļģ්āļ¸ිāļš āˇ€āļœා⎀āļą්āļ§āļ¯ , āļļෝāļœ āļ¸āļ­ āļŊ⎀āļĢ āļ­ැāļą්āļ´āļ­් ⎀ීāļ¸ āļąි⎃ා āļ¯ැāļŠි ⎄ාāļąි ⎃ිāļ¯ු āļšāļģāļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ි⎂ ⎀ැāļŊි āļšුāļĢාāļ§ු ⎀ාāļģ්⎂ිāļšāˇ€ āļ…āļ´්‍āļģේāļŊ් ⎃ිāļ§ āļĸුāļŊි āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎀ැāļŠි ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀ේ. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŊි āļšුāļĢාāļ§ු āļąිāļ­āļģ āļąිāļ­āļģ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀ීāļ¸ āļ‘āļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļēāļą්⎄ි āļĸāļą āļĸි⎀ිāļ­ āļšෙāļģෙ⎄ි āļ…⎄ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸් āļ‡āļ­ි āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ ⎃ෞāļ›්‍āļē āļœැāļ§āˇ…ු āļģැ⎃āļšāļ§ āļ¸āļœāļ´ාāļ¯āļ¸ිāļąි. āļ…āļ¯ āˇ€āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āˇ්āˇ€āˇƒāļą āļģෝāļœ āˇ„ා āļ´ි⎅ිāļšා āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀ීāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŠි ⎀ි āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎅āļ¯āļģු āļ¸āļģāļĢ āļ…āļąුāļ´ාāļ­āļēāļ¯ āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļēාāļ¸ āļˇාāļēāļąāļš āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļĩāļŊ āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¯ැāļš්⎀ිāļē ⎄ැāļš.


āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇƒිāļŗී āļēාāļ¸ āļ¯ේ⎁āļœුāļĢිāļš āˇ€ිāļ´āļģ්āļēා⎃ āļ‡āļ­ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļœෝāļŊීāļē āļ‹āˇ‚්āļĢāļ­්⎀āļē āļ‰āˇ„āļŊ āļēාāļ¸āļ§āļ¯ āļāļĸු⎀āļ¸ āļļāļŊāļ´ා āļ‡āļ­. 1960 ⎃ිāļ§ 2000 āļšාāļŊāļēේāļ¯ී āļ‘āļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļēේ ⎃ාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļē āļ¸ා⎃ිāļš āˇ€ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊීāļē āļ‹āˇ‚්āļĢāļ­්⎀āļē 20 CÂē ⎃ිāļ§ 60 CÂē āļ…āļœāļēāļšිāļą් ⎀ැāļŠි ⎀ි āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘āļ¸ āļœෝāļŊීāļē āļšāļŊාāļ´āļēේ āļāļ­ූāļą්āļœේ ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ ⎀ෙāļąāˇƒ්āļšāļ¸් āļ‡āļ­ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ­āļģāļ¸් āļ¸ෙāļē āļļāļŊāļ´ා āļ‡āļ­.

āļšāļŊāļš් āļ‰āļ­ා āļĸāļąාāļšීāļģ්āļĢ⎀ ⎃⎁්‍āļģීāļšāˇ€ āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āļ…⎀āļ§ āļˇුāļ¸ිāļē ⎀āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļąāļē ⎀āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āļĸāļąāˇූāļą්‍āļē āļąි⎃āļģු āļļිāļ¸āļš් āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­්⎀ āļ‡āļ­. āļ…āļ¯ āˇ€āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āļ¯ිāļģාāļēāļ¸ිāļą් āļ­ිāļļෙāļą āļ°ී⎀āļģ āļēාāļ­්‍āļģා āļœāļĢāļąා⎀āļš්āļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŊි āļšාāļą්āļ­ාāļģāļēāļš් āļ¸āļ­ āļ­ිāļļෙāļąු āļ•āļąෙāļ¸ āļ…āļēෙāļšුāļ§ āļ¯ැāļšāļœāļą්āļąāļ§ āļŊැāļļෙāļąු āļ‡āļ­. āļ…āļģāļŊ් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ āˇƒිāļŗී āļēාāļ¸āļ­් ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āļ’āļēිāļą් āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀ූ ⎀්‍āļē⎃āļąāļē āļ­āˇ€āļ¸āļ­් ⎄āļģි⎄ැāļ§ි āļ­āļš්⎃ේāļģු āļšāˇ… āļąො⎄ැāļš. ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂āļĨāļēāļą් āļ´āˇ€āˇƒāļą āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි āļ¸ෙāļēිāļą් ⎃ිāļ¯ු ⎀ි āļ‡āļ­ි ⎄ාāļąිāļē āļąැ⎀āļ­ āļēāļŽාāļ­āļ­්⎀āļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­් āļšāˇ… āļąො⎄ැāļš.

āļģāļ āļąāļē :  āļ‘āļ¸්. āļŠ. āļąිāļ´ුāļąි ⎃ෞāļ¸්‍āļēා

Reference : www.columbia.edu

                      www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov

                      www.tidsskriftet.no

 


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Thursday, 17 June 2021

Micro Plastic (āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් / āļ¯ෙ⎀ෙāļąි āļšොāļ§āˇƒ )

 Micro Plastic  (āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš්) 

( āļ¯ෙ⎀ෙāļąි āļšොāļ§āˇƒ )

Source: https://www.greenoptimistic.com

āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļšāļ­ු ⎀āļą micro plastic

āļ´ෙāļģ āļŊිāļ´ිāļēේ āļ¯ැāļš්⎀ූ āļ´āļģිāļ¯ි ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļšොāļ§āˇƒ් āˇƒāˇ„ āļ…āļ´ āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āļ¸ුāļ¯ා ⎄ැāļģීāļ¸āļ­් āļ’⎀ාāļēේ āļ…āļģ්āļ° āˇ€ිāļēෝāļĸāļą āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļŊිāļēāļ­් āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ…ං⎁ු āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļšāļ­ු ⎀ෙāļēි. 

āļ¸ීāļ§ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļģ⎀ microplastic āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āˇ€ි⎀ිāļ° āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœ āļ”āˇƒ්⎃ේ āļ‘āļšāļ­ු⎀ෙāļēි. āļ‘⎄ිāļ¯ී āļ¯ූ⎀ිāļŊි āļ…ං⎁ු, ⎀ා⎄āļą āļ§āļēāļģ āļ¸āļœිāļą්, āļĸāļŊ āļąāļŊ āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļšෘāļ­ිāļ¸ āļģෙāļ¯ිāļ´ි⎅ි āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą, āļąෞāļšා āļ­ීāļą්āļ­ āļ†āļŊේāļ´ āļ¸āļœිāļą්, ⎃ෘāļĸු⎀āļ¸ āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ…ං⎁ු āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļšāļ­ු ⎀ෙāļēි. 

āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļąෞāļšා āļ…āļąāļ­ුāļģු āļ¸āļœිāļą්āļ¯ āˇ€ි⎁ාāļŊ ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āļ‘āļšāļ­ු ⎀ෙāļēි. āļ¸ෑāļ­āļšāļ¯ී ⎃ිāļ¯ු ⎀ූ New Diamond āļąෞāļšා  āļ…āļąāļ­ුāļģ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ X Press Pearl āļąෞāļšා  āļ…āļąāļ­ුāļģāļ­් āļ¸ේ ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļšāļ¯ිāļ¸ āˇƒාāļš්⎂ි ⎃āļ´āļēāļēි. 

āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļļො⎄ෝ āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­ āˇ„ා āļ…āļ´āļĸāļŊ āļ´ිāļģිāļ´āˇ„āļ¯ු āļ’āļšāļš āļ¸āļœිāļą් ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀ිāļš āļĸāļŊāļĸ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ීāļą්āļ§ āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļą āļ´ිāļģිāļ´āˇ„āļ¯ු āļšāļŊ āļĸāļŊāļēෙ⎄ි āļ¯ āļ…āļ°ිāļš āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš āļ…ං⎁ු āļ…āļŠංāļœු ⎀ෙāļēි. 

⎃ෞāļ›්‍āļē āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸්

Source: http://aware-simcoe.ca/2018/10/microplastics-found-in-human-food-chain

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ…ං⎁ු āļ…āļ´ āļˇා⎀ිāļ­āļēāļ§ āļœāļą්āļąා āļģූāļ´āļŊා⎀āļą්‍āļē āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą, ⎃āļąීāļ´ාāļģāļš්⎂ āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āļ”āˇƒ්⎃ේ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ…āļ´ āļœāļą්āļąා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ ⎄ා āļ…āļąෙāļš් āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļ”āˇƒ්⎃ේ āļ¯ āˇāļģීāļģāļœāļ­ āˇ€ිāļē ⎄ැāļšි āļļ⎀ āļ¸ීāļ§ āļ´ෙāļģ āļŊිāļ´ිāļēේ āļ¯ී āļ¯ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„āļą් āļšෙāļģුāļĢි. 

āļ¸ෙ⎃ේ ⎁āļģීāļģ āļœāļ­āˇ€āļą āˇුāļ¯්āļ° āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ…ං⎁ු āļ‰āļ­ා āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු⎀ෙāļą් āļģුāļ°ිāļģāļēāļ§ āļ‡āļ­ු⎅ු ⎀ිāļē ⎄ැāļšි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ’⎀ා āļ…āļ´āļœේ āļ¸ො⎅āļēේ ⎃්āļąාāļēු ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ´āˇ€ා ⎄ාāļąි āļšāˇ… ⎄ැāļšි āļēැāļēි āļ´ැāˇ€āˇƒේ. 

āļ‘āˇƒේ āļ¸ āļœැāļļිāļąි āļ¸āˇ€්⎀āļģුāļą්āļœේ ⎃ිāļģුāļģේ ⎃ිāļ§ āļšāļŊāļŊ āļļāļą්āļ°āļē ⎄āļģ⎄ා āļšāļŊāļŊāļēāļ§ āļ¯, āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ…ං⎁ු āļœāļ¸āļą් āļšāˇ… ⎄ැāļšි āļēැāļēි āļ´ැāˇ€āˇƒේ. 

āļ¸ෙāļŊෙ⎃ ⎁āļģීāļģāļœāļ­ āˇ€āļą āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ…ං⎁ු āļ¸āļŸිāļą්

āļļි⎃්āļ´ෙāļąෝāļŊ් āļ’ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ­ැāļŊේāļ§් āļąිāļ´āļ¯ āˇ€ිāļē ⎄ැāļšි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļļි⎃්āļ´ෙāļąෝāļŊ් ⎄ෝāļ¸ෝāļą ( āļŊිංāļœිāļš āˇ„ෝāļ¸ෝāļą) ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļļාāļ°ා āļ…ැāļ­ි  āļšāļģ āļēි. āļ‘āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ´ිāļģිāļ¸ිāļą්āļœේ ⎄ා āļšාāļą්āļ­ා⎀āļą්āļœේ ⎃ාāļģ⎀āļ­් āļļ⎀ āļ…āļŠු āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු ⎀ේ.

āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් ⎀āļŊ āļ…āļŠංāļœු styrene ⎄ා polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) āļ´ි⎅ිāļšා, ⎃්āļąාāļēු āļ†āļļාāļ°, āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ි⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļšāļģāļĢ āļ¯ුāļģ්⎀āļŊāļ­ා, ⎃්āˇ€āˇƒāļą āˇ„ා ⎁්‍āļģ⎀āļĢ āļ†āļļාāļ° āˇ€ැāļąි āļļො⎄ොāļ¸āļēāļš් āļģෝāļœ āļ‡āļ­ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ේāļ­ු ⎀ේ

⎀āļŊāļš්⎀ා āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļš්‍āļģāļ¸.

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ…āļģ්āļļුāļ¯āļē āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ´ූāļģ්āļĢ āˇ€āˇāļēෙāļą් ⎀⎅āļš්⎀ාāļœāļ­ āļąො⎄ැāļšි āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ‘āļēිāļą් āļ‡āļ­ි⎀āļą āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸ āļ…⎀āļ¸ āļšāļģāļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšිāļē. 

āļ’ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා ⎄ැāļšි āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇƒ්⎀ාāļˇා⎀ිāļš āļ‹āļŊ්āļ´āļ­් āļĸāļŊāļē āļ´ිāļģිāļ´āˇ„āļ¯ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ´ාāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļ‹āļ ිāļ­āļē. āļ¸āļą්āļ¯āļēāļ­් āļ´ාāļąීāļē āļĸāļŊāļē āļš්⎂ුāļ¯්‍āļģ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් ⎁āļģීāļģāļœāļ­āˇ€ āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āļ´්‍āļģāļˇāˇ€āļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¯ැāļš්⎀ිāļē ⎄ැāļšිāļēි. 

āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āˇ„ා āļ‡āˇƒුāļģුāļ¸් āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු⎀āļŊāļ¯ී āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ†āˇ€āļģāļĢ āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ āļąොāļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ­් āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļ‹āļ¯ුāļą් (microwave oven) āļ­ු⎅ āļ´ි⎅ිāļēෙāļŊ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේāļ¯ී āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļˇාāļĸāļą āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා āļąොāļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ­් āļ‹āļ ිāļ­āļē. 

āļ­āˇ€āļ¯ āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļ āļš්‍āļģීāļšāļģāļĢ āļšේāļ­ 5,6,7, āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃āļŗāˇ„āļą් āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļˇාāļĸāļąāˇ€āļŊ āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļļ⎄ාāļŊීāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļŊāļšීāļ¸āļ­් āļ‹āļ ිāļ­āļē. 

⎄ැāļšි āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇƒ්⎀āļˇා⎀ිāļš āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļąි⎂්āļ´ාāļ¯āļą āļ´āļģිāļˇෝāļĸāļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ­්, āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ¯ැāļąු⎀āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ ⎀ැāļŠāļ¸ු⎅ු āļ‡āļ­ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ…āļ´ āļ´ෞāļ¯්āļœāļŊිāļšāˇ€ ⎃ිāļēāļŊු āļ¯ෙāļąා ⎄ැāļšි āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļąොāļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ­් āļĸāļŊ āļ´ෝ⎂āļš āļšāļŊා⎀ āļœංāļœා ⎃ාāļœāļģ āļšāļŊාāļ´ āļ´āˇ€ිāļ­්‍āļģ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ­් āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸ āļ…⎀āļ¸ āļšāļģ āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšිāļē.

Microplastic āļąුāļ¯ුāļģු āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­āļēේāļ¯ී āļ…āļ­ි⎁āļē āļ­āļģ්āļĸāļąාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸āļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļšāˇ… ⎄ැāļšි āļ¸ාāļ­ෘāļšා⎀ āļš් ⎀āļą āļļැ⎀ිāļą්, ⎄ැāļšි āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ‘āļē āļ…⎀āļ¸ āļšāļģāļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļšāļģāļ¸ු.



āļģāļ āļąāļē- ⎃ංāļĸāļē āļ­ිāļŊāļšāļģāļ­්āļą





āļ¸ුāļŊා⎁්‍āļģ-

https://www.discoverwildlife.com/people/facts-about-microplastics/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-13184-2

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.washingtonpost.com/health/youre-literally-eating-microplastics-how-you-can-cut-down-exposure-to-them/2019/10/04/22ebdfb6-e17a-11e9-8dc8-498eabc129a0_story.html%3foutputType=amp

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Wednesday, 16 June 2021

⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļœැāļą āļ¯ැāļą āļœāļąිāļ¸ු

 

⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļœැāļą āļ¯ැāļą āļœāļąිāļ¸ු

āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ිāļē āļ¸āļ­ āļĸී⎀āļ­් ⎀āļą āˇƒිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ āļĸී⎀ීāļą්āļ§ āļļා⎄ිāļģ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēේ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ āˇ€āļŊāļ§ āˇ„ැāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļ§āļ¸ āļ´ා⎄ේ āļąිāļģා⎀āļģāļĢāļē ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀ේ.⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊිāļ­ා⎀āļē (Radioactivity), āļ…āļ´ āˇƒිāļēāļŊු āļ¯ෙāļąාāļ§āļ¸ āļ…āˇƒා ⎄ුāļģුāļ´ුāļģුāļ¯ු ⎀āļ āļąāļēāļšි.āļ‘āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් ⎀āļą්āļąේ, āļ‡āļ­ැāļ¸් āļ…āˇƒ්āļŽාāļēී āļ¸ූāļŊāļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē ⎄ෝ āļ´āļ¯ාāļģ්āļŽ, ⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļē ⎄ා āļąිāļēුāļš්āļŊāļēිāļŠ āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšāļģ ⎀āļŠාāļ­් ⎃්āļŽාāļēී āļ¸ූāļŊāļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ´āļ­්⎀ීāļ¸āļēි. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් āļšāļģāļą āˇāļš්āļ­ිāļē, ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ (Radiation) āļŊෙ⎃ ⎄āļŗුāļą්⎀āļēි.

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļąāˇ€,

1. āļ…āļēāļąීāļšාāļģāļš āļœුāļĢāļē āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­
2. āļ…āļēāļąීāļšාāļģāļš āļœුāļĢāļē āļģ⎄ිāļ­ āļŊෙ⎃āļšොāļ§āˇƒ් 2 āļšāļ§ āļļෙāļ¯ා āļ¯ැāļš්⎀ිāļē ⎄ැāļš.

āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ­āļģිāļą් āļĸී⎀ීāļą්āļ§ āˇ€āļŠාāļ­් āļ´්‍āļģāļļāļŊ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸් āļ‡āļ­ි āļšāļģāļą්āļąේ āļ…āļēāļąීāļšාāļģāļš āļœුāļĢāļē āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢāļēි.

āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļĸී⎀ීāļą් āļąිāļģා⎀āļģāļĢāļē āˇ€āļą āļ…āļēāļąීāļšාāļģāļš āļœුāļĢāļē āˇƒāˇ„ිāļ­ āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ āˇ€āļŊිāļą් ⎀ැāļŠි āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš් āļąිāļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ් ⎀āļą්āļąේ ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀ිāļš āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēෙāļąි.āļ‘āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇƒ්⎀āļˇා⎀ිāļš āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ¸ාāļ­්‍āļģා⎀ āļ…āļŠු ⎀ීāļ¸āļ­්, āļ’⎀ාāļēේ āļ´්‍āļģāļļāļŊāļ­ා⎀ ⎃ාāļ´ේāļš්⎂⎀ āļ…āļŠු ⎀ීāļ¸āļ­් āļąි⎃ාāļ¸ āļ’⎀ාāļēිāļą් ⎀ැāļŠි āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸āļš් āļĸී⎀ීāļą් āļšෙāļģෙ⎄ි āļ‡āļ­ි āļąොāļšāļģāļēි.

āļ‹āļ¯ා:- āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ි āļœෝāļŊāļēේ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ›āļąිāļĸ (āļ¸ොāļąො⎃āļēිāļ§්,āļ­ෝāļģිāļēāļąāļēිāļ§්,āļ­ෝāļģāļēිāļ§්), āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģීāļš්⎂ āļšිāļģāļĢ

āļ¯ැāļą් āļ…āļ´ි ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļœැāļą āˇ€ිāļ¸āˇƒා āļļāļŊāļ¸ු. ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļēāļąු ⎀ි⎀ිāļ° āˇ€ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš, ⎀ෛāļ¯්‍āļē ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āˇ„ා āļšාāļģ්āļ¸ිāļš āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු ⎀āļŊāļ¯ී āļˇා⎀ිāļ­ා āļšāļģāļą āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ´ිāļ§āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē ⎀ේ.āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļ­ු⎅ ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ āļ¸ුāļ¯ා⎄āļģිāļą āļąිāļēුāļš්āļŊāļēිāļŠ āļšොāļ§āˇƒ් āļ…āļŠංāļœු ⎀ේ. āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ āļąිāļēුāļš්āļŊāļēිāļŠ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා ⎀ි⎀ිāļ° āļ…āļģ්āļ° āļ†āļēුāļšාāļŊ āļ‡āļ­.

āļ…āļģ්āļ° āļ†āļēුāļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļēāļąු, ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļēāļēāļš් āļ‘⎄ි āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēෙāļą් āļˇාāļœāļēāļš් āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļš්⎂āļē ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļœāļ­āˇ€āļą āļšාāļŊāļēāļēි.āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļģ්āļ° āļ†āļēුāļšාāļŊāļē āļ‘āļš් āļ‘āļš් ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ¸ූāļŊāļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļēāļē āļ…āļąු⎀, āļ­āļ­්āļ­්āļ´āļģ āļœāļĢāļąāļš āˇƒිāļ§ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļ¸ිāļŊිāļēāļą āļœāļĢāļąāļš් āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļ¯ිāļœු ⎀ිāļē ⎄ැāļšිāļē.

āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē ⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇ€ි⎀ිāļ° āļˇෞāļ­ිāļš (āļāļą, āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀ ⎄ෝ ⎀ාāļēු) āļœුāļĢ⎄ා āļģ⎃ාāļēāļąිāļš āļœුāļĢāļ¯āļš්āļąāļ§ āļŊැāļļේ. ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļ¸ූāļŊිāļšāˇ€ āļšොāļ§āˇƒ් 3āļšāļ§ āˇ€āļģ්āļœ āļšāļŊ ⎄ැāļš.
1. āļ´āˇ„⎅ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē (Low level waste)
2. āļ…āļ­āļģāļ¸ැāļ¯ි āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē (Intermediate level waste)
3. āļ‰āˇ„⎅ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē (High level waste)

 

āļ´āˇ„⎅ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē

āļ…āļ­āļģāļ¸ැāļ¯ි āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē

āļ‰āˇ„⎅ āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸ේ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē

āļ¸ූāļŊා⎁්‍āļģ

āļģෝ⎄āļŊ්, ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļœාāļģ, āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē

⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēාāļœාāļģ, āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē

āļą්‍āļē⎂්āļ§ිāļš āļļāļŊාāļœාāļģ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē

āļąිāļ¯āˇƒුāļą්

āļ…āļ­්⎀ැ⎃ුāļ¸්, āļ‰āˇ€āļ­āļŊāļą āļ‰āļŊෙāļš්āļ§්‍āļģොāļąිāļš āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē, ⎃āļ´āļ­්āļ­ු,āļ–⎂āļ° āˇ€āļģ්āļœ

āļģෙ⎃ිāļą āˇ€āļģ්āļœ, āļģ⎃ාāļēāļąිāļš āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē, āļ´්‍āļģāļļāļŊāļ…āļ¸්āļŊ,āļˇāˇ‚්āļ¸ āļ†āļ¯ිāļē, āļšෝ⎂ ⎀āļģ්āļœ

āļą්‍āļē⎂්āļ§ිāļš āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļš āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē, āļļැāļģ āļŊෝ⎄,⎆ො⎃ිāļŊ āļ‰āļą්āļ°āļą

āļ…āļģ්āļ° āļ†āļēුāļšාāļŊāļē

āļ…āļŠු

⎀ැāļŠි

⎀ැāļŠි

⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ¸āļ§්āļ§āļ¸

āļ´āˇ„⎅

āļ‰āˇ„⎅

āļ‰āˇ„⎅

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ‰āˇ„⎅ ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēේāļ¯ී āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļąāˇ€ ⎃ාāļœāļģ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļļැ⎄ැāļģ āļšිāļģීāļ¸,āļˇුāļœāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ„ෝ ⎀ෙāļąāļ­් āļĸāļŊ āļ¸ූāļŊා⎁්‍āļģ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļļැ⎄ැāļģ āļšāļģāļą āļŊāļ¯ී. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ‘āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļĸāļŊāļĸ āļĸී⎀ීāļą්āļ§āˇ„ා āļˇූāļœāļ­ āļĸāļŊ āļ´්‍āļģāļˇāˇ€ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀āļą āļ…⎄ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸් ⎃ැāļŊāļšිāļŊ්āļŊāļ§ āļœෙāļą, ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļēāļ¸්āļšි⎃ි āļąි⎁්āļ ිāļ­ āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļœāļļāļŠා āļšāļģ āļ­āļļා,āļ’⎀ාāļēේ āļ´්‍āļģāļļāļŊāļ­ා⎀ āļ…āļŠු⎀ීāļ¸ෙāļą් āļ´āˇƒු āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ිāļ­āˇ€ āļļැ⎄ැāļģ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ´ිāļē⎀āļģ āļœāļ­්⎄.

āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ‡āļ­ැāļ¸් ⎄āļ¯ි⎃ි āļ†āļ´āļ¯ා⎀āļą් āļąි⎃ා  āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ ⎀⎁āļēෙāļą් āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āļąිāļšුāļ­් ⎀ීāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀ේ. āļŠāļ§ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļģ⎀ āļ¯ිāļąෙāļą් āļ¯ිāļą āļ‘āļšāļ­ු ⎀āļą āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļ…āļ°ිāļš āˇ€āļą āļąි⎃ාāļ­්, āļ’⎀ාāļēේ ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊිāļ­ා⎀āļē ⎀ැāļŠි⎀ීāļ¸ āļąි⎃ාāļ­්, ⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļąි⎃ි āļšāļŊāļ¸āļąාāļšāļģāļĢāļēāļšිāļą් āļ­ොāļģ⎀ āļļැ⎄ැāļģ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ­් āļąි⎃ා,āļ´ි⎅ිāļšා, āļ‹āļ´āļ­් āļ¯ුāļģ්⎀āļŊāļ­ා, āļ†āˇ„ාāļģāļ¯ාāļ¸ āļļිāļŗāˇ€ැāļ§ීāļ¸, ⎀ිāļšෘāļ­ි āļ‡āļ­ි⎀ීāļ¸, āļļෝāļœāˇ€āļŊ āļĩāļŊāļ¯ා⎀ āļ…āļŠු⎀ීāļ¸, āļ´āˇƒ āļąි⎃āļģු ⎀ීāļ¸, āļĸāļŊ āļ¯ූ⎂āļĢāļē, āļĸී⎀ීāļą් ⎀ැāļŠි āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš් āļ‘āļšāˇ€āļģāļ¸ āļ¸ිāļēāļēාāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļąි āļļො⎄ෝ āļ…⎄ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸් āļ‡āļ­ි⎀ිāļē ⎄ැāļšිāļē.

āļ’ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē ⎀āļŊිāļą් āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§āļ­් āļ…āļ´āļ§āļ­් ⎀āļą āļ…⎄ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸් āļ…⎀āļ¸āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļąāļ¸් āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļąāˇ€āļ¸ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļąි⎃ිāļ´āļģිāļ¯ි āļšāļŊāļ¸āļĢාāļšාāļģāļĢāļē ⎄ා āļļැ⎄ැāļģ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ‰āļ­ා ⎀ැāļ¯āļœāļ­් ⎀ේ.āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ…āļ´āļœේ āļąි⎀ෙ⎃් ⎀āļŊිāļą් āļļැ⎄ැāļģ āļšāļģāļą āˇ€ිāļēāļŊි āļšෝ⎂,⎀ි⎀ිāļ° āļ–⎂āļ° āˇ€āļģ්āļœ,āļ‰āļŊෙāļš්āļ§්‍āļģොāļąිāļš āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē ⎃ුāļą්āļļුāļą් āļ†āļ¯ිāļēāļ­්,āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē, āļšෘāļ¸ිāļąා⎁āļš, ⎀āļŊ්āļąා⎁āļš āļ†āļ¯ී ⎃ිāļēāļŊු āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē ⎀ිāļ°ිāļ¸āļ­් āļ…āļēුāļģිāļą් āļļැ⎄ැāļģ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ´ āˇ€āļœāļļāļŊාāļœāļ­ āļēුāļ­ුāļē.

⎀ි⎁ේ⎂āļēෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļ‡āļ­ුāļŊු āļ…āļąෙāļšුāļ­් ⎃ිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē āļĸāļŊāļēāļ§ āļļැ⎄ැāļģ āļąොāļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļšāļ§āļēුāļ­ු āļšāļŊ āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ¸āļą්āļ¯ āļĸāļŊāļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ‘āļ¸ āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¯ේ⎁āļēāļš් āļ´ුāļģා āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු⎀ෙāļą් āļ´ැāļ­ිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ, āļ‘āļ¸āļœිāļą් ⎃ිāļ¯ු⎀āļą āļ…⎄ිāļ­āļšāļģ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸්āļ¯ āˇ€ැāļŠිāļē.

⎀ිāļšිāļģāļĢ⎁ීāļŊි āļ…āļ´āļ¯්‍āļģ⎀්‍āļē ⎀āļŊිāļą් āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšāļģ āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļ…āļ´ි ⎃ැ⎀ොāļ¸ āļ¯ාāļēāļš āˇ€ෙāļ¸ු.

āļģāļ āļąāļē: 

āļąāļ¯ීāļšා  āļ´්‍āļģිāļēāļ¯āļģ්⎁āļąී




References :

Lutze, W. and Ewing, R.C., 1988. Radioactive waste forms for the future.

Murray, R.L., 1994. Understanding radioactive waste (No. BATT--0117/XAB). Battelle.

Ewing, R.C., Weber, W.J. and Clinard Jr, F.W., 1995. Radiation effects in nuclear waste forms for high-level radioactive waste. Progress in nuclear energy, 29(2), pp.63-127.




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Tuesday, 15 June 2021

“āļ¯ෑ⎃් āļąොāļ´ෙāļąෙāļą āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļēෝ “

āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āļēāļąු āļšāˇ€ුāļģුāļą්āļ¯ ?

āļœු⎄ා āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē āļ­āļ¸ āˇ€ා⎃āļˇූāļ¸ිāļē āļšāļģāļœāļ­්āļĸී⎀ිāļ­ āļšාāļŊāļēāļ¸ āļ…āļ¯ුāļģු āļœු⎄ා āļ­ු⎅ ⎀ා⎃āļē āļšāļģāļą āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēිāļą් āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą් āļŊෙ⎃  ⎄āļ¯ුāļą්⎀āļąු āļŊāļļāļēිāļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą් āļļො⎄ෝāļ¸āļēāļš් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēෙāļą් āļšුāļŠා  āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¯ිāļœිāļą් 3cm - 7 cm āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āˇ€ේāļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēිāļą්āļ§ āˇƒු⎀ි⎁ේ⎂ී ⎀ූ āļļා⎄ිāļģ āļ´ෙāļąුāļ¸āļš් āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ  āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļœේ ⎄ැ⎃ිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ„ා ⎃ං⎀ේāļ¯āļąāļēāļą්āļ¯ āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļē āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą්āļ§ āˇ€āļŠා ⎄ාāļ­්āļ´āˇƒිāļą්āļ¸ āˇ€ි⎀ිāļ° āˇ€ේ.

āļœු⎄ා āļ­ු⎅ ⎀ා⎃āļē ⎃āļ¯āˇ„ා āļ‡āļ­ි ⎄ැāļŠāļœැ⎃ීāļ¸්

āļ¸ො⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļ¯ේ⎄ ⎀āļģ්āļĢāļē āļœāļ­් āļšāļŊ  āļļො⎄ොāļ¸āļēāļš් āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą් āļ‰āļ­ා āļŊා āļ´ැ⎄ැāļēෙāļą් āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ¸ො⎀ුāļą් āļ­āāļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āļŊෙ⎃ āļŊāļļාāļœāļąුāļēේ āļĸāļŊāļē āļ´āļ­ුāļŊේ āļ­ැāļą්āļ´āļ­් ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļ¯ෑ ⎀ේ. āļ‰āļ­ා āļšෙāļ§ි āļąිāļą්āļ¯āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļš් āļŊāļļාāļœāļą්āļąා  āļ¸ො⎀ුāļą් ⎀ැāļŠි āļšාāļŊāļēāļš් āļąිāļ¯ි ⎀āļģ්āļĸිāļ­āˇ€ āļœāļ­ āļšāļģāļēිāļ¸ො⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļļිāļ­්āļ­āļģ ⎃ාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļē āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļšුāļœේ āļļිāļ­්āļ­āļģ ⎀āļŊāļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēෙāļą් ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ āˇ€āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļĢේ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āˇƒ්āļŽි⎀āļŊ ⎄ැāļŠāļēāļ¯ āļēāļ¸් āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļšā易⎀ෙāļąāˇƒ්āļšāļ¸් āļ¯āļš්āļąāļ§ āļŊැāļļේ. āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēිāļą් āļģංāļ ු āļ…āļšාāļģāļēේ ⎄ැ⎃ිāļģීāļ¸āļš් āļąොāļ¯āļš්⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļļො⎄ෝ āļ¯ුāļģāļ§ āļ­āļąි āļ­āļąි⎀ ⎀ා⎃āļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļąැāļšුāļģු⎀āļš් āļ¯āļš්⎀āļēි.

āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āˇƒුāļą්āļœේ āļ¯ෘ⎂්āļ§ිāļē

āļœු⎄ා āļ­ු⎅ āļ´āˇ€āļ­ිāļą āļ…āļ°ිāļš āļ…āļ¯ුāļģු āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē āļąි⎃ා āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą්āļ§ āļ¯ෘ⎂්āļ§ිāļē ⎃āļ¯āˇ„ා āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢ⎀āļ­් āļ†āļŊෝāļšāļēāļš් āļąොāļŊැāļļේ. āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ‘⎀ැāļąි āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļš āļ¯ී āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēිāļą්āļ§ āˇ€ි⎀ිāļ° āļœැāļ§āļŊු āļ´ැāļą āļąāļœී . āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļąāˇ€ āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ ⎃ොāļēා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ€ැāļŠි ⎀ෙ⎄ෙ⎃āļš් āļ¯ැāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀ීāļ¸, āļ´්‍āļģāļĸāļąāļą āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļŊිāļē āļąොāļąāˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ාāļœෙāļą āļēාāļ¸, ⎀ිāļŊෝāļ´ිāļšāļēāļą්āļœෙāļą් āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා ⎀ීāļ¸ āˇ€ැāļąි āļ¯ෑ ⎃āļ¯āˇ„ා ⎀ැāļŠි ⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļēāļš් ⎀ැāļēāļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀ේ.  

āļ¸ෙ⎃ේ ⎀ැāļŠි ⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ…⎀⎁්‍āļē ⎀āļą  āļąි⎃ා āļļො⎄ොāļ¸āļēāļš් āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą් āļ­āāļ¯ේ⎄āļē āļ­ු⎅ ⎀ූ āļ…āļąිāļšුāļ­් ⎀ැāļŠි ⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļēāļš් āļ…⎀⎁්‍āļē āˇ€āļą āļ‰āļą්āļ¯්‍āļģිāļēāļēāļą් āļ…⎀⎁ේ⎂ āļšāļģ āļœāļąු āļŊāļļāļēි. āļ¸ේ āļ…āļąු⎀ ⎃ං⎀ේāļ¯āļąāļē āļ‰āļą්āļ¯්‍āļģිāļēāļēāļą් ⎄ා āļ’ āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­ āˇƒ්āļąාāļēු āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļēේ āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļšාāļģිāļ­්⎀āļē ⎃āļ¯āˇ„ා ⎀ැāļŠි ⎁āļš්āļ­ිāļēāļš් ⎀ැāļē āˇ€āļą āļļැ⎀ිāļąුāļ­්, āļœු⎄ා āļ­ු⎅ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ¯ැāļŠි āļ…āļ¯ුāļģු ⎀āļ§ āļ´ිāļ§ා⎀ ⎄ේāļ­ු⎀ෙāļąුāļ­්, āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą්āļœේ āļ‡āˇƒ් āļ´āļģි⎄ාāļąිāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­් ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­.

āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් āļŊෝāļšāļē āļ¯āļšිāļą්āļąේ āļšෙ⎃ේāļ¯?

āļ‡āˇƒ් āļ´āļģි⎄ාāļąිāļēāļ§ āļ´āļ­්⎀ීāļ¸āļ­් ⎃āļ¸ā āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą් ⎄āļ§  āļ­āļ¸ āļ…⎀āļ§ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē āļœැāļą āˇƒං⎀ේāļ¯āļą āļŊāļļා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āļąො⎄ැāļšි ⎀ී āļēāļēිāļ¸ේ āļąි⎃ා āļ¸ො⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļ…āļąිāļšුāļ­් ⎃ං⎀ේāļ¯āļą āļ‰āļą්āļ¯්‍āļģිāļēāļēāļą් ⎀āļŠාāļ­් āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු āˇ€ී āļļා⎄ිāļģ āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āˇ€ āļ­ොāļģāļ­ුāļģු āļŊāļļා āļ¯ේ. āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļąāˇ€ āļģ⎃ ⎃ං⎀ේāļ¯āļąāļē ⎀ැāļŠි āļ¯ිāļēුāļĢු ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ¸ො⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļ‹āļŠු ⎄ා āļēāļ§ි ⎄āļąු⎀āļŊ āļ‡āļ­ි āļģ⎃ාංāļšුāļģ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē ⎃ාāļ´ේāļš්⎂⎀ ⎀ැāļŠි ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­. āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ¸ො⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļ…ං⎁āļģේāļ›ා⎀ (lateral line) ⎄ා ⎄ි⎃ āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­āˇ€ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎃ං⎀ේāļ¯āļą āˇƒෛāļŊ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē āļ¯ āļ‰āˇ„⎅ ⎀ේ. āļ¸ෙāļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ¸ො⎀ුāļą් āļĸāļŊāļē āļ­ු⎅ āļ´ි⎄ිāļąා āļēāļą āˇ€ිāļ§ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀āļą āļ´ීāļŠāļą āˇ€ෙāļąāˇƒ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු⎀ෙāļą් ⎄āļŗුāļąාāļœāļąු āļŊāļļāļēිāļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ¸ො⎀ුāļą්āļœේ ⎄ි⎃්āļšāļļāļŊේ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…⎀ිāļ°ිāļ¸āļ­් ⎄ැāļŠāļē  āļąි⎃ා āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēිāļą්āļ§ āļ´āˇ„āˇƒු⎀ෙāļą් āļ”⎀ුāļą්āļœේ āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāļē ⎃ොāļēා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļšි ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­ි āļļ⎀ ⎀ි⎁්⎀ා⎃ āļšෙāļģේ.

āļŊො⎀ āļ´ුāļģා ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą්

āļŊො⎀ ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊāļ­āļ¸ āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēා āļŊෙ⎃ āļ¯ැāļąāļ§ āˇ€āļģ්āļ­ා⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ‹āļ­ුāļģු āļ‰āļą්āļ¯ිāļēා⎀ේ āļŊැāļŠෝ⎀් āļœු⎄ා āļ­ුāļŊිāļą් ⎃ොāļēාāļœāļ­්, Golden Mahseer āļąāļ¸් ⎀ූ āˇƒාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļē āļ¸āļ­ුāļ´ිāļ§ āļĸāļŊāļēේ ⎀ා⎃āļē āļšāļģāļą āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēාāļ§ āļļො⎄ෝ ⎃ෙāļēිāļą් ⎃āļ¸ාāļą āˇ€ූ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļēාāļē

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēා ⎃ාāļ¸ාāļą්‍āļē āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēිāļą්āļ§ āˇ€āļŠා āļ¯āˇƒ āļœුāļĢāļēāļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļēෙāļą් ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģ ⎃ුāļ¯ු āļ´ැ⎄ැāļ­ි āļ¯ේ⎄āļēāļšිāļą් āļēුāļš්āļ­ āˇ€ේ. āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēාāļœේ āļ…āļš්⎂ි āļ¯ුāļģ්⎀āļŊ⎀ ⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē ⎀ී āļ‡āļ­.

āļŠāļ§ āļ…āļ¸āļ­āļģ⎀ Mexican tetra āļąāļ¸් ⎀ූ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēා āļœු⎄ා āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēේ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ¸āļ­ුāļ´ිāļ§ āļĸāļŊ āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ි⎀āļŊ āļ¯ āļ¯ැāļšāļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļš. āļ‘āˇƒේāļ¸ āļ­ාāļēිāļŊāļą්āļ­āļēේ āļœු⎄ා āļ­ු⎅ āļ¯āļš්āļąāļ§ āļŊැāļļෙāļą āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂āļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ ( Cryptotora thamicola) ⎃ැāļŊāļšිāļē ⎄ැāļš.

āļ ීāļąāļēේ āļ¯āļšුāļĢු āļ¯ිāļœ āļœු⎄ා āļ­ුāļŊිāļą් ⎄āļ¸ු⎀āļą Humpback golden line barbal āļąāļ¸් ⎀ූ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēා āļ¯ āļœු⎄ා āļ¸āˇƒුāļą් ⎃āļ¯āˇ„ා āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļąිāļ¯āˇƒුāļąāļšි.

āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇƒිāļēāļŊු āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēāļą්āļœේ āļ¯ේ⎄ ⎀āļģ්āļĢ, āļ…āļš්⎂ි āļ´ෙāļąුāļ¸ āļ…⎀⎁ේ⎂ ⎀ී āļœු⎄ා āļ´āļģි⎃āļģāļēāļ§ āļ‹āļ ිāļ­ āļ…āļą්āļ¯āļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ැāļŠāļœැ⎃ී āļ­ිāļļීāļ¸ āļ¯ැāļšāļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļš.

āļœැāļšුāļģු āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ු āļ´āļ­ුāļŊ්, āļœැāļšුāļģු āļŊිං āļ´āļ­ුāļŊ්, āļ¸ිāļģිāļ¯ිāļē āļĸāļŊ āļœු⎄ා ⎀ා⎃āļˇූāļ¸ිāļē āļšāļģāļœāļ­් āļœු⎄ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļēāļēිāļą් ⎃්⎀āļˇා⎀ āļ°āļģ්āļ¸āļēේ āļ­āˇ€āļ­් āļ‘āļš් āļ…āļ´ූāļģ්⎀ āļąිāļģ්āļ¸ාāļĢāļēāļš් āļŊෙ⎃ ⎃ැāļŊāļšිāļē ⎄ැāļšිāļē.


āļģāļ āļąāļē - āļ…āļšී⎂ා āļ´්‍āļģāļˇා⎂්⎀ි





āļ¸ූāļŊා⎁්‍āļģ  - āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģ්āļĸාāļŊāļē āļ‡āˇƒුāļģිāļąි


Baker, C.F. and Montgomery, J.C., 1999. The sensory basis of rheotaxis in the blind Mexican cave fish, Astyanax fasciatus. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 184(5), pp.519-527.
 
Teyke, T., 1990. Morphological differences in neuromasts of the blind cave fish Astyanax hubbsi and the sighted river fish Astyanax mexicanus. Brain, behavior and evolution, 35(1), pp.23-30.
 
Wilkens, H. and Strecker, U., 2017. Regressive and Constructive Traits in Astyanax Surface and Cave Fish. In Evolution in the Dark (pp. 79-189). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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Thursday, 10 June 2021

The story of J'pura Aquatic Family

𝙏𝙝𝙚 đ™ĸ𝙤𝙨𝙩 𝙗𝙚𝙖đ™Ē𝙩𝙞𝙛đ™Ē𝙡 đ™Šđ™đ™žđ™Ŗđ™œđ™¨ đ™žđ™Ŗ 𝙡𝙞𝙛𝙚 𝙖𝙧𝙚 đ™Ŗđ™¤đ™Š 𝙟đ™Ē𝙨𝙩 đ™Šđ™đ™žđ™Ŗđ™œđ™¨. 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙮 𝙖𝙧𝙚 đ™Ĩ𝙚𝙤đ™Ĩ𝙡𝙚 đ™–đ™Ŗđ™™ đ™Ĩ𝙡𝙖𝙘𝙚𝙨, đ™ĸ𝙚đ™ĸ𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙨 đ™–đ™Ŗđ™™ đ™Ĩ𝙞𝙘𝙩đ™Ē𝙧𝙚𝙨. 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙮 𝙖𝙧𝙚 đ™›đ™šđ™šđ™Ąđ™žđ™Ŗđ™œđ™¨ đ™–đ™Ŗđ™™ đ™ĸ𝙤đ™ĸđ™šđ™Ŗđ™Šđ™¨ đ™–đ™Ŗđ™™ 𝙨đ™ĸ𝙞𝙡𝙚𝙨 đ™–đ™Ŗđ™™ 𝙡𝙖đ™Ē𝙜𝙝𝙩𝙚𝙧. 𝙏𝙝𝙚𝙮 đ™ĸđ™Ē𝙨𝙩 𝙗𝙚 𝙛𝙚𝙡𝙩 đ™Ŧ𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙝𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙩. 𝙄𝙩'𝙨 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙖𝙗𝙤đ™Ē𝙩 đ™™đ™¤đ™žđ™Ŗđ™œ đ™Ŧ𝙝𝙖𝙩 đ™Ŧ𝙚 𝙡𝙤đ™Ģ𝙚 đ™–đ™Ŗđ™™ 𝙡𝙤đ™Ģđ™žđ™Ŗđ™œ đ™Ŧ𝙝𝙖𝙩 đ™Ŧ𝙚 𝙙𝙤. 𝙔𝙤đ™Ē 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙘𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙗𝙚 𝙖 đ™Ŧđ™žđ™Šđ™Ŗđ™šđ™¨đ™¨.
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⎃ාāļœāļģāļē ,āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļē 2021

āļ¸ාāļąāˇ€ ⎀āļģ්āļœāļēා āļŊෙ⎃ āļ…āļ´ි ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēāļ§  āļ…āˇƒීāļ¸ිāļ­āˇ€ āļļැāļŗී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļ¸ු. āļēාāļ­්‍āļģාāļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ෝ āļąැāļģāļšීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ෝ āļąැ⎀āļ­ āˇƒාāļœāļģāļē āļ¯ෙ⎃āļ§ āļēāļąāˇ€ිāļ§, āļ…āļ´ේ āļĸී⎀āļē āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢිāļēේ āˇƒāˇ„ āļģැāļ¯ී āļ­ිāļļෙāļą්āļąේ āļ¸ෙāļšී ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēෙāļą් āļēāļą්āļą āļ¸āļąු⎂්‍āļē ⎀āļģ්āļœāļēා āļŊෙ⎃ āļ…āļ´ āˇƒැ⎀ොāļ¸ āˇƒි⎄ිāļ´āļ­් āļšāļŊāļēුāļ­ු ⎀ේ.


āļ”āļļ āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ිāļēේ āļšොāļ­ැāļąāļš āļĸී⎀āļ­් ⎀ු⎀āļ­්, ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēෙāļą් āļšොāļ­āļģāļ¸් āļ¯ුāļģ⎃් ⎀ āļĸී⎀āļ­් ⎀ු⎀āļ­්, āļ”āļļේ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ¸āļ­ āļģāļŗා āļ´āˇ€āļ­ී. ⎃āļ¸ුāļ¯්‍ āļģāļĸී⎀ීāļą් āļ…āļ´ āļ†āˇ්⎀ා⎃ āļšāļģāļą āļ”āļš්⎃ිāļĸāļą් ⎀āļŊිāļą් 70% āļš් ⎃āļ´āļēāļēි. ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ´ෘāļ­ු⎀ිāļēේ āļ¯ේ⎁āļœුāļĢāļē āļ´ාāļŊāļąāļē āļšāļģāļēි. āļ‘āļē āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļ†āˇ„ාāļģ āˇƒāˇ„ āļ–⎂āļ° āˇ€āļģ්āļœ āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ āļ´්‍āļģ⎀ා⎄āļąāļē āļ¯ āˇƒāļ´āļēāļēි. āļ…āļ´ේ āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ිāļēෙāļą් 70% āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļ†āˇ€āļģāļĢāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ‘āļš් ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ , āļ…āļ›āļĢ්āļŠ āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļĸāļŊ āļšāļŗāļšිāļąි. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් āļ¸ේ  āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļ…āļ´ āļœāˇ€ේ⎂āļĢāļē āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­්āļ­ේ ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēෙāļą් 5%āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļš් āļļැ⎀ිāļą් āļ…āļ´ āļ¯ැāļš āļąැāļ­ි āļœැāļšුāļģු āļšāļģුāļĢු ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­āˇ€ āļ­ිāļļිāļē ⎄ැāļšිāļē.
Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org

⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ි āļ¯ේ⎁āļœුāļĢāļē āļąිāļēාāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāļģāļēි. āļ‘āļē ⎀ැ⎃ි āˇƒāˇ„ ⎀ිāļē⎅ි āļšාāļŊāļœුāļĢāļē āļąිāļēාāļ¸āļąāļē āļšāļģāļąු āļŊāļļāļēි. ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ිāļēේ āļĸāļŊāļēෙāļą් 97% āļš් āļ´āļ¸āļĢ āļģāļ¯āˇ€ාāļœෙāļą āˇƒිāļ§ිāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ, āļœොāļŠāļļිāļ¸āļ§ āļ‡āļ¯ āˇ„ැāļŊෙāļą āˇ€āļģ්⎂ා⎀ ⎃ිāļēāļŊ්āļŊāļ¸ āļ´ා⎄ේ ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēෙāļą් āļ´ැāļ¸ිāļĢේ. āļšාāļļāļą් āļ āļš්‍āļģāļē āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœැāļąීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē CO2 āļ…⎀⎁ෝ⎂āļĢāļē āļšāļģ āļœāļą්āļąා āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ’ āļ…āļąු⎀ āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ිāļēේ āļ‹āˇ‚්āļĢāļ­්⎀āļē ⎃āļ¸āļ­ුāļŊිāļ­ āˇ€ේ. āļ‘āļē āļ…āļ´ේ āļœෝāļŊීāļē āļ¯ේ⎁āļœුāļĢිāļš āļ´ාāļŊāļą āļ´āļ¯්āļ°āļ­ිāļēāļ§ āˇƒāļ¸ාāļąāļē.

āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļē āļēāļąු ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēāļą් āļ…āļ´āļœේ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­ āļšාāļŊāļē āļ­ු⎅ āļ‰āļ§ු āļšāļģāļą āļ…āļ­ි⎁āļē ⎀ැāļ¯āļœāļ­් āļˇූāļ¸ිāļšා⎀, āļ…āļ´ේ ⎃ාāļœāļģ⎀āļŊāļ§ āļ¸ු⎄ුāļĢ āļ¯ීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒිāļ¯ු⎀ āļ‡āļ­ි āļ…āļą්āļ­āļģාāļēāļą් āˇƒāˇ„ āļ’⎀ා āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ…āļ´āļ§ āļœāļ­ āˇ„ැāļšි āļš්‍āļģිāļēාāļ¸ාāļģ්āļœ āļœැāļą āˇƒිāļ­ා āļļැāļŊිāļē āļēුāļ­ු āļ¯ිāļąāļēāļšි. āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļēේ āļ‘āļš් āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ…āļģāļ¸ුāļĢāļš් ⎀āļą්āļąේ āˇƒාāļœāļģāļē āļ…āļ´āļœේ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­ āļ­ු⎅ āļ‰āļ§ුāļšāļģāļą āˇ€ැāļ¯āļœāļ­් āļšාāļģ්āļēāļˇාāļģāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļ¸ිāļąි⎃ුāļą්āļ§ āļ¸āļ­āļš් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļēි. āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē āļ†āļģāļ¸්āļˇ āˇ€ූāļēේ āļ¯ āˇƒාāļœāļģāļēේāļē. āļ­āļąි ⎃ෛāļŊ āļĸී⎀ීāļą්āļœේ ⎃ිāļ§ āļąිāļŊ් āļ­āļŊ්āļ¸āˇƒුāļą්  āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ිāļēේ āļļො⎄ෝ ⎁ාāļš āˇ„ා ⎃āļ­ුāļą් ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēේ  ⎀ා⎃āļē āļšāļģāļēි. āļ¸ේ āļ¸ො⎄ොāļ­ේ ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ¸ු⎄ුāļĢāļ¯ෙāļą āˇ€āļŠාāļ­්āļ¸ āˇ„āļ¯ි⎃ි āļœැāļ§āˇ…ු⎀ ⎀āļą්āļąේ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļąි⎃ා āļ‡āļ­ි⎀āļą āļ¯ු⎂āļĢāļēāļēි. āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļļෑāļœ් āˇƒāˇ„ āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļļෝāļ­āļŊ්  āļ‡āļ­ු⎅ු āļ´්āļŊා⎃්āļ§ිāļš් āļˇා⎀ිāļ­āļē āļ…āļŠු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇ€āˇƒāļģ āļœāļĢāļąා⎀āļš් āļ­ි⎃්⎃ේ āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා ⎀ැāļ¯āļœāļ­් āļ­ේāļ¸ා⎀āļš් ⎀ී āļ­ිāļļේ.

āļ¯ේ⎁āļœුāļĢිāļš āˇ€ිāļ´āļģ්āļēා⎃, ⎃ාāļœāļģ āļĸāļŊāļē āļ†āļ¸්āļŊිāļš āˇ€ීāļ¸, ⎃ාāļœāļģ āļ‹āˇ‚්āļĢāļ­්⎀āļē āļ‰āˇ„⎅āļēාāļ¸āļ¯ āˇ€ි⎁ාāļŊ āļœැāļ§āļŊු⎀āļšි. āļ‰āˇ„⎅ āļēāļą āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ‹āˇ‚්āļĢāļ­්⎀āļē āļšාāļŊāļœුāļĢිāļš āļģāļ§ා⎀āļą්āļ§ āˇƒෘāļĸු āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸āļš් āļ‡āļ­ිāļšāļģāļą āļ…āļ­āļģ āļ†āļą්āļ­ිāļš āļšාāļŊāļœුāļĢිāļš āļ­āļ­්āļ­්⎀āļēāļą් ⎀ැāļŠි⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¯ āļļāļŊāļ´ාāļąු āļ‡āļ­. ⎀ාāļēුāļœෝāļŊීāļē āļšාāļļāļą්āļŠāļēොāļš්⎃āļēිāļŠ් āļ´්‍āļģāļ¸ාāļĢāļē ⎀ැāļŠි ⎀ීā⎄ේāļ­ු⎀ෙāļą් āļ¸ු⎄ුāļ¯ු āļĸāļŊāļēේ āļ†āļ¸්āļŊිāļšāļ­ා⎀āļē āļ‰āˇ„⎅ āļēාāāļšොāļģāļŊ් āļ´āļģ āļ‡āļ­ු⎅ු āļļො⎄ෝ ⎃ාāļœāļģ āļĸී⎀ීāļą් āļ…⎀āļ¯ාāļąāļ¸āļ§ āļŊāļš්āļšāļģāļēි.
Coral bleaching

āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļēේ āļ´āļģāļ¸ාāļģ්āļŽāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēෙāļą් āļˇුāļš්āļ­ි āˇ€ිāļŗිāļą āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļŊාāļˇ āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļ¸ිāļąි⎃් āļ´්‍āļģāļĸා⎀ āļ¯ැāļąු⎀āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļēි. ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ¸āļœිāļą් āļ¸ිāļąි⎃ා āļ‡āļ­ු⎅ු ⎃ිāļēāļŊු āļ´ෘāļ­ු⎀ි āļĸී⎀ීāļą් āļĸී⎀āļē āļŊāļļāļēි. āļ‰āļ­ිāļą්, āļ¯ැāļą් ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēේ āļ­ිāļģ⎃ාāļģ ⎃ං⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē ⎄ා ⎃ාāļœāļģ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් ⎃ංāļģāļš්⎂āļĢāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ේ ⎀ාāļģāļēāļēි. āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļē āļēāļąු āļ¸ාāļąāˇ€ ⎀āļģ්āļœāļēා ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē ⎃ැāļ¸āļģීāļ¸ේ āļ¯ිāļąāļē āļ´āļ¸āļĢāļš් āļąො⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļ¸āļē.

āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļē āļĸුāļąි 8 ⎀āļą āļ¯ිāļą āˇƒāļ¸āļģāļąු āļŊැāļļේ. āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļē āļēāļąු ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēāļ§ āˇƒ්āļ­ුāļ­ි āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āˇƒāˇ„ ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēේ āļē⎄āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āˇƒුāļģāļš්⎂ිāļ­ āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸ාāļģ්āļœāļēāļš් ⎃ොāļēා āļœැāļąීāļ¸āļ§ āˇ„ොāļŗ āļ…āˇ€āˇƒ්āļŽා⎀āļšි.āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āˇ€āˇƒāļģේ ⎃ාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļēේ āļ¸ූāļŊිāļš āļ…⎀āļ°ාāļąāļē āļēොāļ¸ු ⎀āļą්āļąේ ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ†āˇ්‍āļģිāļ­āˇ€ āļ¸ිāļąි⎃ාāļœේ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļĸී⎀āļąෝāļ´ාāļē āļēāļą āļ…ං⎁ āļšෙāļģෙ⎄ිāļē. 2021 āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļ­ේāļ¸ා⎀⎀āļą්āļąේ “⎃ාāļœāļģāļē: āļĸී⎀ිāļ­āļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļĸී⎀āļąෝāļ´ාāļē”āļēāļą්āļąāļēි. āļ‘āļē ⎀ි⎁ේ⎂āļēෙāļą්āļ¸ 2021 ⎃ිāļ§ 2030 āļ¯āļš්⎀ා āļ¯ි⎀ෙāļą āļ­ිāļģ⎃ාāļģ ⎃ං⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා ⎀āļą āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļĸාāļ­ීāļą්āļœේ ⎃ාāļœāļģ ⎀ිāļ¯්‍āļēා āļ¯āˇāļšāļē āļ‹āļ¯ෙ⎃ා ⎀ැāļ¯āļœāļ­් ⎀āļą āļ­ේāļ¸ා⎀āļšි. āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āˇƒංāļšāļŊ්āļ´āļē āļ´්‍āļģāļŽāļ¸ āˇ€āļģāļ§ āļēෝāļĸāļąා āļšāļģāļąු āļŊැāļļු⎀ේ 1992 āļ¯ී āļģිāļēෝ āļ¯ āļĸැāļąීāļģෝ ⎄ි āļ´ැ⎀āļ­ි āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ි ⎃āļ¸ු⎅ු⎀ේāļ¯ීāļē. āļŊෝāļšāļēා āļ…āļ­āļģ āļļෙāļ¯ීāļœිāļē ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē ⎃āļ¸āļŸ āļ¸ිāļąි⎃ුāļą්āļœේ ⎃āļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ°āļ­ා⎀āļē āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļ¯ āļ…⎀āļ¯ාāļąāļē āļēොāļ¸ු āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļŗāˇ„ා āļ¸ෙāļ¸ āļ…āļ¯āˇ„āˇƒ āļ¸āļ­ු⎀ිāļē. āļ¸ෙāļ¸āļŸිāļą් ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ…āļ´āļœේ āļĸී⎀ිāļ­ āļ­ු⎅ āļ‰āļ§ුāļšāļģāļą āļ­ීāļģāļĢාāļ­්āļ¸āļš āļšාāļģ්āļēāļˇාāļģāļē āˇƒāˇ„ āļ‘āļē āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļ§ āļ¸ිāļąි⎃ුāļą්āļ§ āļ‹āļ´āļšාāļģ āļšāˇ… ⎄ැāļšි ⎀ැāļ¯āļœāļ­් āļš්‍āļģāļ¸ෝāļ´ාāļēāļą් āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļ¯ැāļąු⎀āļ­් ⎀ිāļē.

⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ිāļēේ āļĸෛ⎀ ⎀ි⎀ිāļ°āļ­්⎀āļēේ āļąි⎀⎄āļą āļļāļŗු ⎀āļą āļ…āļ­āļģāļ¸, āļ‘āļē āļŊො⎀ āļ´ුāļģා āļļිāļŊිāļēāļą āļœāļĢāļąāļšāļ§ āˇ€ැāļŠි āļ´ිāļģි⎃āļšāļ§ āļ´්‍āļģāļ°ාāļą āļ´්‍āļģෝāļ§ීāļą් āļ´්‍āļģāļˇāˇ€āļēāļą් ⎃āļ´āļēāļēි. 2030 ⎀āļąāˇ€ිāļ§ āˇƒාāļœāļģāļē āļ´ාāļ¯āļš āļšāļģāļœāļ­් āļšāļģ්āļ¸ාāļą්āļ­āˇ€āļŊ āļąිāļēැāļŊී ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ¸ිāļŊිāļēāļą 40 āļš් āļļ⎀āļ§ āļ‡āˇƒ්āļ­āļ¸ේāļą්āļ­ු āļšāļģ āļ‡āļ­.

āļ‘āļļැ⎀ිāļą් āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­ේ āļ¯ āˇƒාāļœāļģāļē āļ…āļ´ේ āļ†āļģ්āļŽිāļšāļēāļ§ āļ…āļ­්‍āļē⎀⎁්‍āļē āļļ⎀ āļ…āļ¸ුāļ­ු⎀ෙāļą් āļšි⎀ āļēුāļ­ු āļąැāļ­. āļąāļ¸ුāļ­් ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊ āļ¸āļ­්⎃්‍āļē āļœāˇ„āļąāļēෙāļą් 90% āļš් āˇƒāˇ„ āļšොāļģāļŊ්āļ´āļģ ⎀āļŊිāļą් 50% āļš් ⎀ිāļąා⎁ āļšāļģāļ¸ිāļą් āļ…āļ´ි ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē ⎃ූāļģාāļšāļ¸ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ිāļ¸ු. ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēāļ§ āļąැ⎀āļ­ āˇƒං⎁්āļŊේ⎂āļĢāļē āļšāļŊ āļąො⎄ැāļšි āļ´āļģිāļ¸ාāļĢāļēෙāļą් āļ…āļ´ āˇƒාāļœāļģāļēෙāļą් ⎃ිāļēāļŊුāļ¸ āļ¯ෑ āļŊāļļා āļœāļąිāļ¸ිāļą් ⎃ිāļ§ිāļą්āļąෙāļ¸ු. ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē ⎃āļ­ු⎀ ⎃ිāļēāļŊු āļ´්‍āļģāļ­ිāļŊාāļˇ āļ­ිāļļුāļĢāļ¯ āˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļą āļ­āļ­්āļ­්⎀āļē āļąāļ¸්, āļ¸ේ āļœෙ⎀ෙāļą්āļąේ ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēāļ§ āļ…āļ´āļœේ āˇƒāˇ„ාāļē āļ…āļ­්‍āļē⎀⎁්‍āļēāļē āļ¸ො⎄ොāļ­āļēි.

āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ āļ¯ිāļąāļēේ āļ´āļģāļ¸ාāļģ්āļŽāļē ⎀āļą්āļąේ ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ¸āļ­ āļ¸ාāļąāˇ€ āļš්‍āļģිāļēා⎀āļą්āļœේ āļļāļŊāļ´ෑāļ¸ āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗāˇ€ āļĸāļąāļ­ා⎀ āļ¯ැāļąු⎀āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸, ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļŊො⎀ āļ´ුāļģා āļ´ුāļģ⎀ැ⎃ිāļēāļą්āļœේ āļ…⎀āļ¯ාāļąāļē ⎀āļģ්āļ°āļąāļē āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļŊෝāļš āˇƒාāļœāļģ⎀āļŊ āļ­ිāļģ⎃ාāļģ āļšāˇ…āļ¸āļąාāļšāļģāļĢāļē ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා ⎀āļą āˇ€්‍āļēාāļ´ෘāļ­ිāļēāļš් ⎃āļŗāˇ„ා āļŊෝāļš āļĸāļąāļœāˇ„āļąāļē āļļāļŊāļ¸ු⎅ු āļœැāļą්⎀ීāļ¸ āˇ„ා āļ‘āļš්⎃āļ­් āļšිāļģීāļ¸āļēි.

⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļąීāļģෝāļœී ⎀ āļ´āˇ€āļ­්⎀ා āļœෙāļą āļēාāļ¸ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„ා āļ¸ෙāļą්āļ¸ ,⎃ාāļœāļģ ⎃āļ¸්āļ´āļ­් āļ†āļģāļš්⎂ා āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āˇƒāļ¯āˇ„ා, ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē āļ´ි⎅ිāļļāļŗ āˇƒැāļļෑ āļ…⎀āļļෝāļ°āļē ⎄ා āļ¸ාāļąāˇ€ ⎀āļģ්āļœāļēා ⎃ාāļœāļģāļē ⎃āļ¸āļœ āˇƒāļ¸්āļļāļą්āļ° āˇ€āļą්āļąේ āļšෙ⎃ේāļ¯ āļēāļą්āļą āļ´ිāļŊිāļļāļ¯ āˇ€ ⎃āļ¸āļļāļģ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āˇ€ේāļ¯āļēāļš් āļ‡āļ­ිāļšāļŊ āļēුāļ­ුāļē. āļ…āļ­ීāļ­āļēේ āļ‹āļœāļ­් āļ´ාāļŠāļ¸් āļ¯ āˇ€āļģ්āļ­āļ¸ාāļąāļēේ āļ­āļ­්āļ­්⎀āļē āļ¯ āˇƒāļŊāļšා āļļāļŊා āļ…āļąාāļœāļ­āļēේ ⎃ාāļœāļģ āļē⎄āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļ‹āļ¯ෙ⎃ා āļąāˇ€ āļ†āļšāļŊ්āļ´ āˇƒāˇ„ āļš්‍āļģāļ¸āˇ€ේāļ¯ āˇ€āļģ්āļ¯āļąāļē āļšāļŊ āļēුāļ­ුāļē.āļ¸āļą්āļ¯ āļēāļ­් āļ¸ාāļąāˇ€ ⎀āļģ්āļœāļēාāļœේ āļē⎄āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āļ­āˇ„⎀ුāļģු ⎀ීāļ¸āļ§ āļąāļ¸් āļ´ෘāļ­ු⎀ි ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēāļą්⎄ි āļē⎄āļ´ැ⎀ැāļ­්āļ¸ āˇƒāˇ„ āļąීāļģෝāļœී āļļ⎀ āļ­āˇ„⎀ුāļģු ⎀ිāļē āļēුāļ­ුāļ¸āļē.





āļģāļ āļąāļē: āļąි⎂ාāļ¯ි āļœāļ¸්āļ¸āļą්āļ´ිāļŊ

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Wednesday, 9 June 2021

"āļ…āļ´ āļ´ෘāļŽි⎀ිāļēāļ§ āļ‡āļ­ි ⎀ි⎁ාāļŊāļ¸ āļ­āļģ්āļĸāļąāļē āļąāļ¸් ⎀ෙāļąāļšෙāļšු āļ‘āļē ⎃ුāļģැāļšී⎀ි āļēැāļēි āļ…āļ´ āļļāļŊාāļ´ොāļģොāļ­්āļ­ු ⎀ීāļ¸āļēි."

āļ¸ේ, ⎃ාāļœāļģāļēāļ§ āļ…āļ´āļœේ āļ‹āļ´āļšාāļģāļē āļ…⎀ැ⎃ිāļ¸ āļ¸ො⎄ොāļ­āļēි. āļ…āļ¯ āļ…āļ´ āļ­āļļāļą āˇƒෑāļ¸ āļšුāļŠා āļ´ිāļē⎀āļģāļšිāļą්āļ¸ āˇƒාāļœāļģāļēේ ⎄ෙāļ§ āļ¯āˇ€āˇƒ āļ­ීāļģāļĢāļē ⎀āļąු āļ‡āļ­.āļ‘āļē ⎃ුāļģැāļšි⎀ āļ¸āļ­ු āļ´āļģāļ´ුāļģāļ§ āļ¯ාāļēාāļ¯ āļšිāļģීāļ¸ āļ…āļ´ āˇƒāļ­ු ⎀āļœāļšීāļ¸āļšි.
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